Table 2.
Daily Dietary Composition in the Low-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diet Groups Over the Course of the Study*
| Variable | Baseline
|
3 mo
|
6 mo
|
12 mo
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-Fat Diet (n = 69) | Low-Carbohydrate Diet (n = 70) | Low-Fat Diet (n = 61) | Low-Carbohydrate Diet (n = 62) | Low-Fat Diet (n = 50) | Low-Carbohydrate Diet (n = 54) | Low-Fat Diet (n = 49) | Low-Carbohydrate Diet (n = 54) | |
| Energy, kcal | 2034 (702) | 1998 (740) | 1418 (468) | 1258 (409) | 1481 (483) | 1324 (537) | 1527 (522) | 1448 (610) |
|
| ||||||||
| Carbohydrate, g | 242 (100) | 242 (92) | 193 (75) | 97 (45) | 202 (79) | 93 (46) | 198 (78) | 127 (69) |
|
| ||||||||
| Total fiber, g | 16.7 (6.6) | 18.5 (8.7) | 16.9 (8.9) | 16.2 (8.9) | 16.4 (8.1) | 15.1 (7.5) | 15.6 (7.7) | 15.1 (8.7) |
|
| ||||||||
| Soluble fiber, g | 5.1 (2.0) | 5.8 (2.9) | 5.1 (2.5) | 6.0 (4.4) | 5.1 (2.9) | 5.2 (3.4) | 5.1 (2.8) | 5.2 (3.9) |
|
| ||||||||
| Insoluble fiber, g | 11.5 (5.1) | 12.5 (6.5) | 11.8 (6.9) | 10.0 (5.5) | 11.3 (6.0) | 9.9 (5.0) | 10.4 (5.5) | 9.9 (5.6) |
|
| ||||||||
| Fat, g | 80.7 (32.4) | 75.6 (36.4) | 45.3 (21.7) | 62.6 (28.6) | 46.4 (18.9) | 67.2 (38.2) | 52.4 (24.3) | 69.0 (36.8) |
|
| ||||||||
| SFA, g | 27.6 (13.6) | 24.7 (14.4) | 13.5 (6.8) | 19.9 (9.8) | 14.0 (6.7) | 21.2 (15.6) | 15.8 (8.4) | 23.3 (15.1) |
|
| ||||||||
| MUFA, g | 29.3 (12.5) | 28.1 (13.7) | 17.0 (9.5) | 24.0 (12.0) | 17.1 (7.3) | 25.1 (13.6) | 20.0 (9.9) | 25.8 (14.3) |
|
| ||||||||
| PUFA, g | 17.1 (8.1) | 16.7 (9.2) | 10.9 (6.2) | 13.3 (6.9) | 11.3 (5.5) | 15.0 (8.8) | 12.2 (7.7) | 14.2 (7.4) |
|
| ||||||||
| ω-3 Fatty acid, g | 1.97 (1.13) | 1.88 (1.31) | 1.22 (0.69) | 1.63 (1.63) | 1.33 (0.68) | 1.88 (1.45) | 1.27 (0.76) | 1.63 (0.99) |
|
| ||||||||
| Carbohydrate, % kcal | 46.0 (7.8) | 48.1 (8.8) | 52.9 (10.7) | 28.9 (12.6) | 52.4 (8.9) | 27.5 (12.1) | 54.0 (9.6) | 34.0 (13.9) |
|
| ||||||||
| Protein, % kcal | 17.6 (5.2) | 17.3 (5.0) | 19.0 (5.7) | 25.6 (7.7) | 18.3 (5.0) | 26.3 (5.6) | 18.6 (5.8) | 23.6 (7.4) |
|
| ||||||||
| Fat, % kcal | 34.7 (6.6) | 32.5 (7.2) | 27.5 (8.8) | 42.7 (10.0) | 27.9 (7.3) | 43.4 (11.8) | 29.8 (8.8) | 40.7 (10.6) |
|
| ||||||||
| SFA, % kcal | 11.6 (2.9) | 10.5 (3.4) | 8.1 (3.0) | 13.6 (4.2) | 8.4 (2.9) | 13.4 (4.5) | 9.0 (3.2) | 13.4 (4.8) |
|
| ||||||||
| MUFA, % kcal | 12.7 (3.0) | 12.0 (3.1) | 10.3 (4.2) | 16.3 (4.4) | 10.3 (3.1) | 16.3 (4.9) | 11.3 (3.7) | 15.3 (4.7) |
|
| ||||||||
| PUFA, % kcal | 7.5 (2.7) | 7.3 (2.7) | 6.7 (3.1) | 9.1 (3.1) | 6.7 (2.2) | 9.8 (4.3) | 6.9 (3.5) | 8.6 (3.3) |
|
| ||||||||
| Folate, mg | 0.40 (0.17) | 0.41 (0.19) | 0.36 (0.23) | 0.29 (0.13) | 0.38 (0.22) | 0.32 (0.17) | 0.35 (0.20) | 0.31 (0.15) |
|
| ||||||||
| Median β-carotene (IQR), mg | 0.75 (2.04) | 0.49 (1.31) | 0.99 (2.03) | 0.89 (1.99) | 0.74 (2.44) | 0.60 (1.50) | 1.00 (2.35) | 0.42 (1.42) |
|
| ||||||||
| Vitamin C, mg | 78.4 (47.0) | 88.6 (60.0) | 82.7 (68.1) | 67.8 (45.2) | 85.4 (66.0) | 81.1 (54.8) | 82.5 (61.1) | 72.5 (67.9) |
IQR = interquartile range; MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA = saturated fatty acid.
*
Data are means (SDs) unless otherwise noted.