Figure 1.

Experimental design. Shown is the experimental design for Experiment 1 (A,B) and Experiment 2 (C). Each plot indicates the presence (1) or absence (0) of the perturbation as a function of the number of trials. (A) On day 1, control subjects of Experiment 1 (A₁NA₂) were exposed to 2 blocks of null trials (baseline) followed by 6 blocks of a 40° clockwise rotation. On day 2, they were exposed to 2 blocks of null trials (washout), followed by 6 blocks of the same clockwise rotation (re-adaptation). (B) Like control subjects, experimental subjects (A₁NA₂-24 h) were washed out on day 2 but re-adapted 24 h later, on day 3. (C) Sham and experimental subjects of Experiment 2 followed the same protocol as A₁NA₂, but before the washout were exposed to 15 min of rTMS over the sensorimotor cortex (A₁NA₂-M1) or the vertex (A₁NA₂-Sham). After the washout, there was a 15-min period to prevent the spread of rTMS effects into re-adaptation. Error-free trials are indicated by 2 parallel segments (||).