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. 2014 Nov 25;1:23. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2014.00023

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Folding and unfolding “decisions” that determine dual targeting. The normal process of protein translocation into an organelle (such as the ER and mitochondria) is depicted in black. Dual localization of proteins may be determined by folding of proteins, indicated by ellipses, prior to their targeting to an organelle (Red arrow), during translocation through membranes (Blue arrow) or after translocation into an organelle (Green arrows). Folding of proteins can affect signal accessibility and affinity (Red arrow; e.g., Adk1, Apn1, Gus1, CYP1A1, Fis1, b5R, CYP2E1), cause reverse translocation (Blue; e.g., Fum1, Aco1), trap proteins in an organelle (Green bottom arrow: e.g., Ccs1, COX19) or by unfolding, allow export of a protein out of an organelle (Green: top arrow, e.g., PrPc) or allow retargeting of a protein into an organelle (Green middle arrow, e.g., TERT, p53).