Table 1.
Selected LOV-based optogenetic tools.
| LOV-system | Effectors | Fold activation | Purpose | Lifetime (s) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AsLOV2 | Phototropism | 2−4300 s (WT = 55-81) | a | ||
| LINuSs1 | NLS | 3–7 | Nuclear localization20 | 240 s (4 min) | Yazawa et al., 2009 |
| LOV-TAP | TrpR | 6, 70 | DNA-binding/Tryptophan repressor | NA | Strickland et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2011 |
| LOV-Rac | Rac1 (GTPase) | 10 | Control actin cytoskeletal dynamics | 43 s | Wu et al., 2009 |
| Tulips | ePDZ | 2–49 | Peptide caging | Strickland et al., 2012 | |
| LOV-TetR | TetR | NA | Tetracycline/DNA-binding | 30 s | Moon et al., 2014 |
| YtvA | Stress | 72−16000 (WT = 6240) | a | ||
| Dusk/Dawn | FixL/FixJ | 460 | Transcription | NA | Ohlendorf et al., 2012 |
| YF1 | FixL | 68 | Kinase activity | ~5900 | Moglich et al., 2009 |
| TetR | TetR | NA | Tetracycline/DNA-binding | 2700 | (100) |
| EL222 | Transcription | 2.7−2000 (WT = 29) | a | ||
| EL222-TF | HTH | >108 | Transcription | ~30 s | Motta-Mena et al., 2014 |
| VVD | Circadian clock | 18000 s (WT) | a | ||
| Caspase-9 | Homo-dimerization | 7.6–21 | Caspase9 activation to regulate apoptosis | NA | Nihongaki et al., 2014 |
| GAVPO | Gal4 | 200–300 | Light induced transactivation of Gal4 | 7200 s | Chen et al., 2013; Ma et al., 2013 |
| Magnets | Selective Dimerization of VVD | 40-fold estimate | Create VVD heterodimers of two components | 25 s–17000 h | Kawano et al., 2015 |
| FKF1 | Flowering | >100000 s (WT) | a | ||
| LITEZ | 2-hybrid | 53 | Transcriptional control | NA | Polstein and Gersbach, 2012 |
| LAD | Light induced dimerization | 5 | Rac1 induction of lamellipodia | 62 h | Yazawa et al., 2009 |
a, refer to Table 2 for more details on range of photocycle lifetimes.