Table 2.

Concentration and yields of the main fermentation metabolites by the end (262–265 g/L sugar consumed) of fermentations sparged with air or nitrogen in the conditions described in the text

		S. cerevisiae a	M. pulcherrima + 10 % S. cerevisiae a	M. pulcherrima + 1 % S. cerevisiae a
Glycerol (% w/v)	Airb	0.83 ± 0.02*A	1.86 ± 0.18*B	1.79 ± 0.06B
	Nitrogenb	1.20 ± 0.04*A	1.46 ± 0.06*B	1.65 ± 0.06C
Ethanol (% v/v)	Airb	12.9 ± 0.2*B	11.0 ± 0.3*A	11.1 ± 0.2*A
	Nitrogenb	14.7 ± 0.2*	13.9 ± 0.6*	13.9 ± 0.4*
Acetic acid (mg/L)	Airb	2158 ± 329*B	676 ± 63*A	682 ± 123*A
	Nitrogen	185 ± 47*B	63 ± 3*A	62 ± 2*A
YE/S (g/g)	Airb	0.384 ± 0.007*B	0.329 ± 0.010*A	0.330 ± 0.006*A
	Nitrogenb	0.441 ± 0.006*	0.417 ± 0.014*	0.416 ± 0.010*
YA/S (mg/g)	Airb	8.159 ± 1.241*B	2.553 ± 0.237*A	2.579 ± 0.461*A
	Nitrogen	0.703 ± 0.178*B	0.238 ± 0.010*A	0.236 ± 0.007*A
YG/S (g/g)	Airb	0.031 ± 0.001*A	0.070 ± 0.007*B	0.067 ± 0.002B
	Nitrogenb	0.045 ± 0.001*A	0.055 ± 0.002*B	0.063 ± 0.002C

Values are shown as mean ± standard deviation of three biological replicates

Y_E/S ethanol yield on sugar, Y_A/S acetic acid yield on sugar, Y_G/S glycerol yield on sugar

^aStatistically significant differences (ANOVA) between cultures sparged with air or nitrogen for the same parameter and inoculum are indicated by *

^bDifferent capital letters indicate statistically significant differences (ANOVA) for values in the same row