Table 1. Characteristics of the study participants at baseline visit.
| Sample size | Malaria status | Test statistic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | (P-value)* | |||
| Population size (%) | 2,049 | 1985 (96.9) | 64(3·12) | ||
| Age group: | 0–4y | 612 | 582 (95.1) | 30 (4·9) | χ2 trend = 9·8 (0·002) |
| 5–14y | 955 | 930 (97.38) | 25 (2·62) | ||
| 15y+ | 475 | 467 (98.32) | 8 (1·68) | ||
| Missing | 7 | 6 (85.71) | 1(14·29) | ||
| Sex | Males | 1,032 | 997(96.61) | 35(3·39) | χ2 = 0·493 (0·482) |
| Females | 1,017 | 988(97.15) | 29 (2·85) | ||
| SCD status | HbAA | 311 | 270 (86.82) | 41 (13·18) | χ2 (2) = 122·6 (<0·001) |
| HbAS | 241 | 238 (98.76) | 3 (1·24) | ||
| HbSS | 1,497 | 1477(98.66) | 20(1·34) | ||
| HbF (mean, 95%CI) | |||||
| Overall | 2,049 | 4.22 (4.02, 4.42) | 1.89 (1.16, 2.79) | t = 4.84 (<0.001) | |
| HbAA | 311 | 0.82 (0.65,1.01) | 0.43 (0.27, 0.63) | t = 1.94 (0.053) | |
| HbAS | 241 | 2.04 (1.64, 2.48) | 1.79 (0.36, 10.75) | z = 0.021 (0.983) | |
| HbSS | 1,497 | 5.59 (5.36,5.82) | 8.10 (5.84, 10.71) | t = -2.250 (0.025) | |
| HbF (≥5years) (mean, 95%CI) | |||||
| Overall | 1,430 | 3.74 (3.54, 3.94) | 2.78 (1.39, 4.65) | t = 1.48 (0.138) | |
| HbAA | 151 | 0.47 (0.33, 0.64) | 0.18 (0.04, 0.41) | t = 1.48 (0.140) | |
| HbAS | 127 | 1.13 (0.74, 1.60) | 3.19 (0.13, 10.30) | z = -1.50 (0.135) | |
| HbSS | 1152 | 4.74 (4.53, 4.96) | 7.94 (5.29, 11.13) | t = -2.98 (0.003) | |
*All test statistics excludes missing values