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. 2015 May 12;10(5):e0126801. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126801

Fig 2. Transient upregulation of cAMP levels in vitrified-warmed germinal vesicle-stage (GV) oocytes treated with forskolin (FSK) or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX).

Fig 2

A) Effect of FSK and IBMX on the level of intraoocyte cAMP during IVM culture. The intraoocyte cAMP level was reduced by vitrification prior to IVM culture, and this low cAMP level could be increased back to normal by supplementation of the IVM medium with FSK or IBMX. B) Level of intraoocyte cAMP at the initiation of culture (Group 1) or after culturing for 0.5 h (Group 2), immersion of vitrification/warming solution (Group 3), vitrification and warming (Group 4), vitrification and warming in vitrification/warming solution supplemented with FSK, IBMX or the combination of FSK and IBMX (Group 5–7). The decline in the cAMP level was induced by the vitrification procedure. Non-vitrification, GV oocytes cultured in mTCM199/20%SSS for 0.5 h; immersion, GV oocytes immersed in the vitrification/warming solution; vitrification, GV oocytes vitrified and warmed. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Bars labeled with different letters show significant differences (P < 0.05).