Table 2.

Altered expression of micro RNAs reported in BE and/or EAC

Stage	MicroRNA	Expression	Target	Citations
NSM to BE	hsa‐miR‐136*	Increased	AEG‐1 and Bcl‐2	34, 37, 54
BE to LGD	miR‐21	Increased	PTEN, FASL, TIMP3, and RECK, activating ERK1/2/MAPK pathway	26, 31, 34, 37, 43, 55, 56, 57
	miR‐31	Increased	EMP1 (epithelial membrane protein 1), KSR2 (kinase suppressor of ras 2) and RGS4 (regulator of G‐protein signalling 4)—found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	36, 56, 58
BE to EAC	miR‐25	Increased	Bcl‐2‐like protein 11†—apoptosis	34, 59, 60
	miR‐93	Increased	CDKN1A—cell cycle	26, 60
	miR‐106b‐25	Increased	CDKN1A—cell cycle	34, 36, 47, 60, 61, 62
	hsa‐miR‐136*	Decreased	‡	34, 37
	hsa‐miR‐192	Increased	DHFR, CDC7, LMNB2, MAD2L1, CUL5—cell cycle, cell proliferation	31, 34, 36, 37, 56, 60, 62
	hsa‐miR‐194*	Increased	EP300—metastasis	31, 36, 37, 56, 60
	miR‐196a/b	Increased	ANXA1, SPRR2C, S1009, and KRT5—apoptosis	24, 32, 36, 60, 61, 62
	hsa‐miR‐203	Decreased	ABL1, TP63—cell proliferation	11, 26, 34, 36, 37, 43, 56, 60, 62, 63
	hsa‐miR‐205	Decreased	HER3, PRKCD, VEGF‐A—cell proliferation, EMT	11, 26, 29, 34, 36, 37, 43, 60, 62, 63
	hsa‐miR‐223	Increased	ARTN, a known tumor metastasis‐related gene	36, 37, 61, 64
	hsa‐miR‐424*	Increased	‡	9, 11, 29, 34, 36, 37
	hsa‐miR‐450a	Increased	‡	34, 37
LGD to HGD	miR‐15b	Increased	Bcl‐262	36
	miR‐20b	Decreased	‡	34, 36, 62
	miR‐23b	Decreased	c‐Myc	34, 36, 65
	hsa‐miR‐101	Increased	rap1GAP—tumor suppressor gene	36, 37, 65, 66
	miR‐125b	Increased	CYP24, ERBB2, ERBB3—cell proliferation	11, 34, 36, 43, 60
	miR‐181a/b	Decreased	TIMP‐3†	32, 36, 55, 67
	miR‐197	Increased	‡	36
	miR‐200a*	Decreased	E‐cadherin transcriptional repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2	36, 55, 57, 68
	miR‐215	Increased	ZEB2	26, 34, 56, 62, 68
	miR‐513	Increased	‡	36
	miR‐636	Decreased	‡	36
HGD to EAC	miR‐27b	Decreased	ST14, CYP1B1—cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, drug metabolism	36, 43, 55, 59, 60, 65
	miR‐28	Increased	‡	36
	miR‐30a‐5p	Increased	‡	34, 36
	miR‐99a	Decreased	mTOR	11, 29, 34, 36, 59, 62, 69
	miR‐126	Increased	EGFL7†	36, 57, 59, 70
	miR‐143	Increased	FSCN1	26, 34, 36, 55, 56, 59, 62
	miR‐145	Increased	FSCN1	26, 34, 36, 37, 56, 57, 59
	miR‐149	Decreased	FOXM1†—EMT	36, 71
	miR‐181a/b	Increased	TIMP‐3†	32, 36, 55
	miR‐193a/b	Decreased	‡	36
	miR‐199a	Increased	Brm	36, 61, 72
	miR‐210	Decreased	MNT†—myc antagonist, FGFRL1	24, 34, 36, 65, 73
	miR‐345	Decreased	‡	36
	miR‐494	Decreased	‡	36
	miR‐513	Decreased	‡	36
	miR‐617	Decreased	‡	36
	let‐7a/b/c	Decreased	IL‐6, Ras, HMGA2	32, 34, 36, 57, 60, 62, 63, 65
EAC	miR‐16–2	Increased	RAR‐b2†	36, 57
	miR‐30e	Increased	‡	55, 57
	miR‐34a	Decreased	NF‐κB inhibition of c‐Met and cyclin D1 protein expression	36, 55, 57
	miR‐195p	Increased	‡	36, 55, 57
	miR‐221	Increased	p27Kip1 and CDX2	31, 33
	miR‐222	Increased	p27Kip1 and CDX2	31, 33
	miR‐375	Decreased	PDK1, JAK2	29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 44, 55, 56, 61, 65
	hsa‐miR‐518b	Decreased	‡	36, 37, 55

The nomenclature of miRNA is included as found in the original studies. Hsa prefix indicates that the miRNA is of human origin; mir refers to an immature transcript, compared to a mature (miR) transcript.11 The number refers to order in which these molecules were discovered (i.e. miR‐21 was the 21st miRNA molecule to be discovered).11 A letter after the number indicates an identical sequence found from a different part of the genome.11 Also, since miRNAs are processed from miRNA hairpins, multiple miRNAs may be obtained from a single pretranscript, so 5p or 3p is included to indicate whether the molecule came from the 3' or 5' end.11 Finally, an asterisk indicates that this particular miRNA is found in lower levels than another transcript processed from the same pre‐miRNA without an asterisk.11

†Potential target.

‡Unknown target.

BE = Barrett's esophagus; EAC = esophageal adenocarcinoma; HGD = high‐grade dysplasia; LGD = low‐grade dysplasia; NSM = normal squamous mucosa.