Figure 10.

Acutely and locally inducing Synapsin expression restores relief memory and punishment memory. A, Expression pattern of Synapsin in induced rescue flies of the indicated genotypes. In the bottom row (Merge), anti-Synapsin staining in brains and thoracic nervous systems is shown in green, while cell-body counterstaining with propidium iodide is shown in magenta. The mushroom body region of A1–4 is shown at higher magnification in A9–12. The stippled line in A9 indicates the mushroom body neuropil. In A10 the expression of Synapsin induced by the mb247-Gal4 driver is shown as a 3D display. The mushroom body region of A21–24 is shown at higher magnification in A29–32. Scale bars: 100 μm. B, Relief memory of synapsin⁻ mutant flies is restored upon acutely induced local expression of Synapsin using the mb247-Gal4 driver in combination with Gal80^ts. C, Punishment memory, too, is fully restored upon acutely and locally expressing Synapsin. *p < 0.05/3 and ns: p > 0.05/3 are used for pairwise comparisons. Gray shading of the boxes indicates significance from chance (zero) at p < 0.05/4.