Table 1.

The characteristics of study subjects and control groups.

	Healthy controls	SPMS
	(n = 50)	(n = 50)
Mean age [years]	45.7 ± 10.2	48.2 ± 15.2
Gender [n (frequency])
Male	19	22
Female	31	28
EDSS	—	5.5 ± 1.8
Mean disease duration [years]	—	14.3 ± 8.3

EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; SPMS: secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.