TABLE 1.
Strategies used in the 2014-2015 EBOV outbreak in West Africa and their past and current statuses
| Compound | Developer(s) | Status before the 2014-2015 EBOV outbreak |
Current status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tested for efficacy against EBOV | Proof of safety in humans | |||
| Lamivudine | GlaxoSmithKline | No | Yes, FDA approved against HIV | Not recommended by WHO for treatment of EBOV disease |
| Favipiravir | Toyama Chemical | Yes, in mice | Yes, phase III against influenza virus | Phase II |
| Brincidofovir | Chimerix | No | Yes, phase III against CMV and Ad infections | EBOV trial discontinued |
| TKM-Ebola | Tekmira Pharmaceuticals | Yes, in NHPs | No | Phase I (partial suspension) |
| ZMapp | Public Health Agency of Canada and MappBio Pharmaceuticals | Yes, in NHPs | No | Phase I/II |
| Whole-blood or plasma transfusion | No | Yes, routine medical procedure in resource-poor countries | Still in use | |
| Supportive treatment | No | Yes, routine medical procedure | Still in use | |
| Type I IFN | Yes, delayed time to death in NHPs | Yes, used in clinic to treat HBV, HCV, and HHV-8 | Not yet used in patients during the 2014-2015 outbreak | |
| Toremifene | Yes, in mice | Yes, FDA approved for use against breast cancer | Not yet used in patients during the 2014-2015 outbreak | |
| VSVΔG/EBOVGP | Public Health Agency of Canada | Yes, in NHPs | No | Phase I/II (as a prophylactic) |