Table I.
Subject characteristics
| Operative (n = 89) | Transcatheter (n = 155) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 3 (0.5–24) | 5 (1.3–26) | <.0001 |
| Female sex, % (n) | 51% (45) | 59% (103) | .23 |
| Weight (kg) | 14.2 (3.5–79) | 19.4 (8.2–85.0) | <.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 96 (53–185) | 110 (73–182) | <.0001 |
| Race, % (n) | |||
| White | 63% (56) | 68% (106) | .50 |
| African American | 17% (15) | 10% (16) | |
| Asian | 7% (6) | 6% (9) | |
| Other | 13% (12) | 15% (24) | |
| Former premature infant, % (n) | 2% (2) | 11% (17) | .01 |
| Genetic syndrome, % (n) | 13% (12) | 10% (15) | .36 |
| Feeding tube, % (n) | 6% (5) | 3% (4) | .23 |
| Pulmonary disease, % (n) | 7% (6) | 4% (6) | .39 |
| Endocrine disease, % (n) | 2% (2) | 4% (6) | .55 |
| Miscellaneous chronic medical condition, % (n)* | 7% (6) | 9% (14) | .53 |
| Defect size (mm) | |||
| Frontal | 10.6 ± 3.8 | 9.7 ± 3.6 | .05 |
| Sagittal | 10.4 ± 3.7 | 9.9 ± 3.2 | .18 |
| Septal length (mm) | |||
| Frontal | 31.3 ± 7.2 | 38.8 ± 8.2 | <.0001 |
| Sagittal | 30.9 ± 8.1 | 38.0 ± 8.9 | <.0001 |
| Aortic rim (mm)† | 5.2 ± 2.3 | 4.5 ± 2.4 | .03 |
| Deficient retroaortic rim,* % (n) | 43% (38/88) | 63% (97/150) | .001 |
Including hydrocephalus with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (n = 3), Chiari malformation (n = 2), complete heart block and pacemaker (n = 2), craniofacial abnormalities (n = 2), epilepsy (n = 2), hypotonia (n = 2), and von Willebrand syndrome (n = 2) as well as abdominal migraine, automated implantable defibrillator, factor V Leiden deficiency, history of B-cell leukemia currently in remission, mitochondrial disorder, neutropenia, prothrombin gene mutation, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, repaired tracheoesophageal fistula, and undifferentiated clotting disorder (all n = 1). Three subjects had multiple miscellaneous chronic medical conditions.
Aortic rim measurements were missing in 5 subjects in transcatheter group and 1 subject in the operative group.