Table 3.
Mean BMI z-score per exposure tertile (Pearson’s correlation co-efficient) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tertile | Home | School | Modelled journey | Actual journey | |
All food outlets | 1 (least exposed) | 0.606 | 1.031 | 0.852 | 0.811 |
2 | 0.710 | 0.592 | 0.700 | 0.979 | |
3 | 1.157 (0.208)** | 1.018 (−0.081) | 0.863 (−0.053) | 0.671 (−0.104) | |
Takeaway food outlets | 1 (least exposed) | 0.722 | 1.031 | 0.924 | 0.737 |
2 | 0.590 | 0.592 | 0.613 | 0.877 | |
3 | 1.161 (0.207)** | 1.018 (−0.091) | 0.790 (−0.060) | 0.851 (−0.142) | |
Physical activity facilities | 1 (least exposed) | 0.593 | 1.179 | 0.721 | 0.551 |
2 | 0.903 | 0.324 | 1.061 (0.052) | 0.727 | |
3 | 0.967 (0.177)* | 0.681 (−0.140) | - | 1.197 (0.104) | |
Green space | 1 (least exposed) | 0.982 | 0.506 | 1.012 | 0.930 |
2 | 0.651 | 0.681 | 0.761 | 0.859 | |
3 | 0.828 (−0.068) | 1.379 (0.291)*** | 0.690 (−0.024) | 0.676 (−0.131) | |
Density of fatal road traffic accidents | 1 (least exposed) | 0.836 | 0.926 | 0.795 | 0.570 |
2 | 0.763 (−0.084) | 0.681 (−0.094) | 0.885 (−0.122) | 0.857 | |
3 | - | - | - | 1.038 (−0.020) | |
Proportion of roads that are major roads | 1 (most walkable) | 0.655 | 0.640 | 0.765 | 0.862 |
2 | 1.306 | 0.976 | 0.617 | 0.557 | |
3 | 0.952 (0.094) | 0.747 (0.095) | 1.085 (0.126) | 1.056 (0.062) | |
Effective walkable area/Route length ratio (for journeys) | 1 (least walkable) | 0.548 | 1.379 | 1.066 | 0.773 |
2 | 0.808 | 0.681 | 0.663 | 0.850 | |
3 | 1.110 (0.180)* | 0.506 (−0.289)*** | 0.743 (−0.083) | 0.842 (0.071) | |
Connected node ratio | 1 (least connected) | 0.655 | 1.031 | - | - |
2 | 0.905 | 0.681 | - | - | |
3 | 0.912 (0.027) | 0.843 (−0.059) | - | - | |
Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index | 1 (least mixed) | 0.559 | 1.031 | 0.554 | 0.506 |
2 | 0.886 | 0.976 | 1.055 | 1.064 | |
3 | 1.020 (0.175)* | 0.413 (−0.171)* | 0.849 (0.113) | 0.888 (0.113) |
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1, with reference to test for trend (Pearson’s correlation analysis) between environmental exposure and BMI z-score.