Table 5.

Proposed beneficiary and detrimental effects of CLA from clinical studies

Diseases	Positive effects	Negative effects
Obesity	Reduced body fat mass	Oxidative stress
	Reduced body mass index	Abdominal irritations
	Reduced body fat percentage
	Reduced body fat regain
	Increased lean body mass
	Improved muscle mass
Cardiovascular diseases	Improved blood lipid profile	Enhanced production of circulatory markers of oxidative stress
	Reduced total cholesterol
Immune disorders	Enhanced the levels of protective antibodies	Elevated levels of inflammatory markers in circulation
	Induced lymphocyte proliferation
	Reduced delayed hypersensitivity responses
Cancer	Reduced the risks of colorectal, testicular and breast cancers	Increased oxidative stress
Diabetes	Enhanced insulin sensitivity	Dysregulation of blood glucose and insulin
		Insulin resistance
		Decreased expression of GLUT4