Table 2.
Cognitive measures in OA.
| Cognitive domain | Psychometric test | Mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|
| Attention and working memory | Digit Span forward | 10.0 ± 2.3 |
| Digit Span backward | 7.2 ± 1.9 | |
| Spatial Span forward | 7.5 ± 1.5 | |
| Spatial Span backward | 6.9 ± 1.5 | |
| Processing speed | SDMT (written) | 44.6 ± 10.0 |
| SDMT (oral) | 51.0 ± 12.0 | |
| TMT A (s) | 40.5 ± 14.0 | |
| Verbal memory | RAVLT | |
| Sums of trials 1–5 | 51.4 ± 7.5 | |
| Immediate recall list A | 4.8 ± 1.6 | |
| Delayed recall list A | 10.9 ± 2.4 | |
| Recognition list A | 14.1 ± 1.9 | |
| Visuospatial memory | Visual paired associates | |
| Sums of trials 1–4 | 16.9 ± 5.8 | |
| Delayed recall | 5.1 ± 2.0 | |
| Executive functioning | Categorical fluency | 43.2 ± 7.3 |
| Design fluency | 27.1 ± 7.5 | |
| TMT B (s) | 92.2 ± 41.8 |
SDMT, Symbol digit modalities test; TMT, Trail making test; RAVLT, Rey auditory verbal learning test.