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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2014 Nov 24;18(1):17–24. doi: 10.1038/nn.3886

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of tdTomato-positive induced nociceptors. (a) Current recording in response to treatment with 1 µM capsaicin (6/11 induced neurons responded). (b) Current recording following the application of 30 µM α, β-methylene-ATP (8/16 induced neurons responded). (c) Inward currents following step depolarization before (left) and after (middle) the application of 300 nM tetrodotoxin (TTX) (14/15 induced neurons had TTX-resistant sodium currents greater than 50 pA). Right panel shows a different neuron without a persistent TTX-resistant sodium current (d) Action potential firing elicited by depolarizing current in the presence of 300 nM TTX (7/12 cells fired single TTX-resistant action potentials with peak greater than 0 mV). (e, f) Examples of individual action potentials (e) and trains (f) elicited from induced nociceptors (iNoc), tdTomato-positive primary adult nociceptors (Primary noc) and tdTomato-negative primary adult non-nociceptors (Primary non-noc) (12/13 induced neurons fired tonically). (g) Examples of sag depolarizations in response to hyperpolarizing current injections in induced nociceptors (11/17 induced neurons produced a sag depolarization). (h) CGRP was released from induced nociceptors (5F), but not BAM-derived neurons, in response to KCl (80 mM), but not vehicle. Mean (SEM) for 5F and BAM following KCl stimulation are 390.4 (52.5) and 10.3 (2.6) pg/ml (n=4; Mann-Whitney U-test p=0.03).