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. 2015 May 13;6:453. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00453

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Copyright © 2015 Elbeshehy, Elazzazy and Aggelis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized by extracellular agents of Bacillus pumilus, B. persicus, and B. licheniformis on BYMV infected Vicia faba L. cv. Giza3 and non-infected plants. The nanoparticles were sprayed simultaneously with virus inoculation (experimental Group I); before inoculation (Group II) or after inoculation (Group III). Systemic severe mosaic, crinkling, and size reduction were observed in the case of infected leaves. These symptoms were reduced or completely disappeared when plants were treated with silver nanoparticles synthesized by the isolates, especially those of B. licheniformis of Group III. For details see text.