Table 5.
Changes in plasma zinc, oxidative stress makers, and inflammatory cytokines/molecules in zinc supplemented (Zn supp) elderly subjectsa (6).
| Group | n | Pre | Post | Pb | Changec | ΔPd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc (μM) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 92.0 ± 3.8e,f | 90.8 ± 5.0 | 0.134 | −1.17 ± 4.59 | <0.0001 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 91.9 ± 7.4e | 101.5 ± 9.2 | 0.00006 | 9.52 ± 8.88 | |
| MDA + HAE (μM) | ||||||
| Placebo | 14 | 1.66 ± 0.37e | 1.68 ± 0.35 | 0.357 | 0.019 ± 0.186 | 0.002 |
| Zn supp | 14 | 1.59 ± 0.40e | 1.29 ± 0.26 | 0.0011 | −0.30 ± 0.30 | |
| Antioxidant power (U/mL) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 6.6 ± 2.2e | 6.5 ± 1.7 | 0.417 | −0.11 ± 2.32 | 0.0258 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 6.0 ± 1.6e | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 0.0001 | 1.56 ± 2.23 | |
| hsCRP (μg/L) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 2.14 ± 1.71e | 2.49 ± 1.94 | 0.149 | 0.36 ± 1.45 | 0.0298 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 2.46 ± 1.91e | 1.90 ± 1.51 | 0.015 | −0.55 ± 1.05 | |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 5.42 ± 3.47e | 7.15 ± 4.56 | 0.026 | 1.74 ± 3.76 | 0.0031 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 8.34 ± 7.13e | 5.44 ± 4.85 | 0.013 | −2.94 ± 5.46 | |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 496.5 ± 154.0e | 570.4 ± 205.4 | 0.011 | 74.1 ± 133.3 | 0.0113 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 531.5 ± 142.7e | 506.8 ± 131.0 | 0.136 | −24.25 ± 97.2 | |
| sPLA (U/mL) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 76.0 ± 25.8e | 100.6 ± 28.8 | 0.001 | 24.6 ± 30.9 | 0.006 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 73.3 ± 34.6e | 70.0 ± 32.2 | 0.314 | −3.23 ± 29.5 | |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 2102.9 ± 415.1e | 2297.6 ± 358.2 | 0.0024 | 194.7 ± 273.1 | <0.0001 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 2208.0 ± 345.6e | 2035.0 ± 267.8 | 0.001 | −171.5 ± 218.5 | |
| sICAM-1 (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 321.1 ± 89.1e | 302.7 ± 105.6 | 0.307 | −18.40 ± 160.4 | 0.830 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 301.3 ± 68.9e | 292.4 ± 75.6 | 0.365 | −8.90 ± 113.6 | |
| sE-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Placebo | 20 | 54.7 ± 8.3e | 57.5 ± 7.3 | 0.023 | 2.73 ± 5.70 | 0.0068 |
| Zn supp | 20 | 57.2 ± 9.7e | 51.6 ± 8.6 | 0.023 | −5.65 ± 11.7 |
aPre, baseline; Post, after 6 months; MDA + HAE, malondialdehyde and hydroxyalkenals; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; MCP-1, macrophage chemoattractant protein 1; sPLA, secretory phospholipase A2; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1; sE-selectin, soluble E-selectin. bPre compared with Post values (paired f-test). cPost minus Pre values. dP for differences (Pre compared with Post) between placebo and zinc groups (t-test). eThere was no significance of plasma zinc and all biomarkers between placebo and Zn supp groups before supplementation (Pre). fMean ± SD (all such values).