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. 2015 May 14;3:27. doi: 10.1186/s40478-015-0205-3

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© Netzahualcoyotzi and Tapia; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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AMPA-induced MN degeneration and protection by energy substrates. Representative micrographs of the ventral horns of Nissl-stained sections of the infused lumbar spinal cord region of rats treated as indicated, seven days after minipump implantation. AMPA induced an almost complete loss of MN in the infused side (ipsilateral) and a less intense degeneration in the contralateral side, and both effects were clearly prevented by pyruvate and βHB but not by ascorbate or GEE. Quantitative analysis is shown in Figure 4. Scale bar = 100 μm.