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. 2015 May 14;3:27. doi: 10.1186/s40478-015-0205-3

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© Netzahualcoyotzi and Tapia; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Quantitative analysis of MN loss in each experimental group. Number of healthy MNs in the ipsilateral and contralateral ventral horns in the infused spinal cord region and in the adjacent rostral region of rats treated as indicated, seven days after minipump implantation. Pyruvate and βHB notably prevented the AMPA-induced MN degeneration in the ipsilateral horn in both the infused and rostral regions, whereas ascorbate and GEE, alone or in combination (antioxidant mixture) were ineffective. Fifteen histological slices/rat/region were analyzed. Data are mean values ± SEM for the following number of rats in each group: control 7; AMPA 16; AMPA + Pyr 10; AMPA + βHB 10; AMPA + GEE 7; AMPA + ascorbate 8; AMPA + antioxidants mixture 8. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs the corresponding side of the control group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs the corresponding side of the AMPA group.