Table 5.
Androgen effects on spontaneous tumor growth/incidence
| Reference | Mouse/rat | Carcinogen | Dose a | Duration | Tumor growth/incidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor growth (treatment after palpable tumors) | |||||
| Heiman [102] | White ratb | Spontaneous/autotransplant | 5 to 15?mg TP (total dose) | 4 to 6?months | ? |
| Huggins and Mainzer [103] | SD rat | Transplants | 6?mg?T/DHT weekly | 7?weeks | ? |
| Nathanson and Andervont [30] | C3H mice | Spontaneous | 7 to 17.5?mg TP weekly | 4?weeks | No effect |
| Tumor incidence (treatment before palpable tumors) | |||||
| Jones [104] | C3H mice | Spontaneous | 1.5?mg TP weekly (weeks 1 to 3); 1?mg TP weekly (weeks 4 to 45) | 45?weeks | ? |
| Nathanson and Andervont [30] | C3H mice | Spontaneous | 1.5?mg TP weekly | At 4.5?months of age for 4?months | ? |
| Lacassagne and Raynaud [105] | C3H mice | Spontaneous | 4?mg TP weekly | Beginning a few days after birth | ? |
| Loeser [106] | Strong A strain mice | Spontaneous | 28 to 56?mg TP (total dose) | Implant | ? |
| Schwartz [107] | C3H mice | Spontaneous | 1,350?mg/kg DHEA weekly | 5 to 29?weeks of age | ? |
| Heiman [108] | RIII mice | Spontaneous | 8 to 9?mg TP (total dose) | 6 to 7?months of age for 8 to 16?months | ? |
| Yanai and colleagues [109] | SHN mice | Spontaneous | 1?mg DHT daily (prenatal) or 0.2?mg DHT daily (neonatal) | GD 12 to 15 (prenatal) or daily for 5?days after birth (neonatal) | ? (neonatal) |
| Mori and colleagues [110] | BALB/cfC3H mice | Spontaneous | 0.02 or 0.005?mg?T daily | Days 1 to 5 after birth | ? |
DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; GD, gestation day; SD, Sprague?Dawley; T, testosterone; TP, testosterone propionate. aSome doses are shown as weekly doses calculated based on the dosing regime in the original article. bFemale rats/mice unless otherwise specified.