Table 3.
Increases and Decreases of Staff Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Promotion Behaviors from Baseline to Post-assessment
| Percent of scans observed during scheduled PA/snack time
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staff Behaviora | Summer 2011 | Summer 2012 | Percent Change | 95% CI | Odds post intervention d | 95% CI |
|
|
||||||
| Staff engaged in other tasks | 7.4 | 18.6 | 11.2 | (6.6, 15.9) | 2.79 | (1.84, 4.24) |
| Staff leading or instructing physical activity | 6.6 | 16.8 | 10.2 | (5.6, 14.9) | 3.33 | (1.94, 5.73) |
| Staff verbally promoting physical activity | 3.2 | 5.2 | 2.0 | (−0.1, 4.1) | 1.75 | (0.97, 3.14) |
| Staff verbally discouraging physical activity | 2.0 | 1.3 | −0.7 | (−1.6, 0.2) | 0.64 | (0.35, 1.16) |
| Frontline staff engaged in physical activity with children (i.e. playing the game) | 31.8 | 21.0 | −10.8 | (−17.2, −4.4) | 0.54 | (0.37, 0.80) |
| Withholding physical activity as a consequence of misbehavior | 2.3 | 1.8 | −0.5 | (−2.0, 1.0) | 0.79 | (0.37, 1.70) |
| Staff Management of PAa | ||||||
| Children standing in line and waiting for turn | 26.9 | 5.6 | −21.3 | (−27.0, −15.6) | 0.14 | (0.08, 0.27) |
| Playing elimination game (i.e. children eliminated from PA opportunities) | 10.9 | 7.4 | −3.4 | (−7.8, 0.9) | 0.61 | (0.28, 1.33) |
| Frontline staff giving instructions | 9.5 | 12.3 | 2.9 | (−0.5, 6.2) | 1.39 | (0.98, 1.99) |
| Frontline staff disciplining children | 1.7 | 3.1 | 1.4 | (−0.1, 2.8) | 1.73 | (0.86, 3.48) |
| Idle time (i.e. children waiting for direction from staff with no specific task) | 56.0 | 16.6 | −39.4 | (−47.3, −31.4) | 0.12 | (0.07, 0.19) |
| Choice provided (i.e. more than one activity opportunity provided) | 5.7 | 3.8 | −1.9 | (−5.6, 1.9) | 0.50 | (0.12, 2.19) |
| Small game (i.e. games with less than 10 children participating) | 0.5 | 1.8 | 1.3 | (−0.1, 2.7) | 4.91 | (0.92, 26.21) |
| Healthy Eating Staff Behaviors | ||||||
| Staff verbally promoting healthy eating c,e | 0.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | − − | − | -- |
| Staff verbally educating children about healthy eating c,e | 0.0 | 34.1 | 34.1 | -- | - | -- |
| Staff eating inappropriate foods b,e | 55.9 | 47.7 | −8.2 | (−32.4 16.0) | 0.71 | (0.25, 1.98) |
| Staff drinking other than water b,e | 33.3 | 25.0 | −8.3 | (−30.8 14.1) | 0.67 | (0.22, 2.00) |
Bolded numbers are statistically significant changes at p = 0.05
a
During Scheduled PA (n = 4938)
b
During all times except scheduled snack or lunch time (n = 8,528)
c
1,981 scans completed during scheduled snack
d
Odds ratios derived from multilevel mixed effects logit regression models (e.g. odds of observing staff engaged in other duties at post-assessment are 2.79 times more likely than at baseline)
e
Presented as a percentage of days that the behavior was observed