Table 2. Metabolic Characteristics by Weight-for-Height Percentile.
| Variable | Mean (95% CI) by Weight-for-Height percentile group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <50 percentile (N = 363) | 50–74 percentile (N = 228) | 75–94 percentile (N = 175) | ≥95 percentile (N = 51) | p for trend* | |
| Age, year | 15.8 (15.8–15.8) | 15.8 (15.8–15.9) | 15.8 (15.8–15.9) | 15.8 (15.7–15.9) | 0.546 |
| Height, cm | 166.3 (165.6–167.1) | 165.1 (164.1–166.1) | 165.3 (164.0–166.6) | 165.0 (162.5–167.6) | 0.087 |
| Weight, kg | 53.5 (52.9–54.2) | 59.5 (58.5–60.4) | 67.2 (65.7–68.6) | 78.8 (75.1–82.5) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 19.3 (19.2–19.4) | 21.7 (21.6–21.8) | 24.4 (24.2–24.7) | 28.7 (28.1–29.4) | <.001 |
| WC, cm | 68.7 (68.2–69.1) | 73.1 (72.6–73.7) | 79.9 (79.0–80.8) | 89.8 (87.5–92.1) | <.001 |
| WHR | 0.77 (0.76–0.77) | 0.78 (0.77–0.78) | 0.81 (0.81–0.82) | 0.86 (0.84–0.88) | <.001 |
| WHtR | 0.41 (0.41–0.42) | 0.44 (0.44–0.45) | 0.48(0.48–0.49) | 0.54 (0.53–0.55) | <.001 |
| SFT, cm | 12.8 (12.4–13.3) | 16.3 (15.7–16.9) | 19.4 (18.7–20.2) | 27.3 (25.3–29.3) | <.001 |
| Percent body fat** | 17.9 (17.1–18.7) | 21.8 (20.7–22.8) | 25.4 (24.1–26.6) | 32.9 (30.7–35.0) | <.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 105 (104–106) | 108 (107–110) | 112 (110–114) | 117 (113–121) | <.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 59 (59–60) | 59 (58–60) | 60 (59–61) | 61 (59–63) | 0.158 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 152 (150–155) | 156 (152–159) | 155 (151–159) | 160 (152–168) | 0.065 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 45 (44–46) | 45 (44–47) | 42 (41–43) | 39.6 (37–42) | <.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 77 (75–80) | 79 (76–83) | 87 (82–92) | 95 (85–105) | <.001 |
| Total/HDL-cholesterol | 3.44 (3.37–3.51) | 3.52 (3.42–3.62) | 3.81 (3.69–3.93) | 4.19 (3.88–4.49) | <.001 |
| AST, IU/l | 20 (20–21) | 20 (19–20) | 19 (19–20) | 23 (19–27) | 0.207 |
| ALT, IU/l | 15 (14–15) | 15 (15–16) | 17 (16–18) | 29 (21–36) | <.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 88 (87–89) | 88 (87–89) | 89 (88–90) | 90 (88–92) | 0.031 |
| Fasting insulin, uIU/mL | 7.75 (7.52–7.98) | 8.41 (8.08–8.74) | 9.88 (9.27–10.48) | 12.25 (11.09–13.41) | <.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.70 (1.64–1.76) | 1.84 (1.76–1.92) | 2.19 (2.03–2.35) | 2.74 (2.46–3.03) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; SFT, skin-fold thickness; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance.
*P-values are adjusted for sex and age (except for the trend of age itself).
**Percent body fat was measured in 541 adolescents (277 males and 264 females).