Table 4. Risk for Insulin Resistance by Different Obesity Indices.
| Independent variable (obesity index) | HOMA-IR >2.50 | HOMA-IR >3.16 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of people | No. | Odds ratio (95% CI)* | No. | Odds ratio (95% CI) * | |
| Weight-for-height percentile | |||||
| <50 | 363 | 34 | 1.00 | 3 | 1.00 |
| 50–74 | 228 | 28 | 1.39 (0.81–2.36) | 4 | 2.20 (0.49–9.94) |
| 75–94 | 175 | 49 | 3.87 (2.38–6.30) | 19 | 14.80 (4.31–50.76) |
| ≥95 | 51 | 27 | 11.37 (5.87–22.02) | 15 | 51.01 (14.07–185.0) |
| BMI-for-age percentile | |||||
| <50 | 360 | 36 | 1.00 | 4 | 1.00 |
| 50–74 | 225 | 26 | 1.18 (0.69–2.01) | 5 | 2.02 (0.54–7.62) |
| 75–94 | 182 | 48 | 3.27 (2.02–5.28) | 16 | 8.48 (2.79–25.78) |
| ≥95 | 50 | 28 | 11.72 (6.05–22.73) | 16 | 41.52 (13.13–131.3) |
| WC-for-age percentile | |||||
| <50 | 333 | 28 | 1.00 | 2 | 1.00 |
| 50–74 | 255 | 34 | 1.73 (1.02–2.95) | 7 | 5.07 (1.04–24.65) |
| 75–94 | 184 | 53 | 4.72 (2.82–7.88) | 21 | 25.85 (5.93–112.75) |
| ≥95 | 45 | 23 | 13.22 (6.42–27.23) | 11 | 70.01 (14.54–337.0) |
| WHR percentile | |||||
| <50 | 407 | 38 | 1.00 | 5 | 1.00 |
| 50–74 | 205 | 30 | 1.68 (1.01–2.81) | 8 | 3.25 (1.05–10.06) |
| 75–94 | 163 | 45 | 3.67 (2.27–5.94) | 17 | 9.51 (3.44–26.28) |
| ≥95 | 42 | 25 | 13.58 (6.71–27.48) | 11 | 30.92 (9.95–96.04) |
| WHtR percentile | |||||
| <50 | 408 | 38 | 1.00 | 2 | 1.00 |
| 50–74 | 205 | 25 | 1.39 (0.81–2.37) | 8 | 8.25 (1.74–39.25) |
| 75–94 | 165 | 53 | 4.78 (2.99–7.67) | 20 | 28.04 (6.47–121.49) |
| ≥95 | 39 | 22 | 12.84 (6.23 + 26. 46) | 11 | 80.45 (16.97–381.29) |
| SFT-for-age percentile | |||||
| <50 | 354 | 39 | 1.00 | 5 | 1.00 |
| 50–74 | 238 | 35 | 1.49 (0.91–2.45) | 8 | 2.49 (0.80–7.72) |
| 75–94 | 171 | 41 | 2.62 (1.61–4.26) | 17 | 7.88 (2.85–21.77) |
| ≥95 | 53 | 22 | 6.68 (3.46–12.90) | 11 | 21.04 (6.82–64.88) |
| Percent body fat percentile** | |||||
| <50 | 266 | 37 | 1.00 | 7 | 1.00 |
| 50–74 | 136 | 29 | 1.66 (0.97–2.84) | 6 | 1.73 (0.57–5.27) |
| 75–94 | 110 | 30 | 2.29 (1.33–3.96) | 10 | 3.76 (1.39–10.18) |
| ≥95 | 29 | 18 | 10.06 (4.39–23.06) | 10 | 20.06 (6.83–58.95) |
| One SD increase in | |||||
| Body weight | 817 | 138 | 1.93 (1.61–2.32) | 41 | 2.74 (2.06–3.64) |
| BMI | 817 | 138 | 2.14 (1.78–2.57) | 41 | 3.08 (2.30–4.13) |
| WC | 817 | 138 | 2.23 (1.85–2.68) | 41 | 3.29 (2.45–4.44) |
| WHR | 817 | 138 | 2.16 (1.78–2.63) | 41 | 2.98 (2.18–4.08) |
| WHtR | 817 | 138 | 2.31 (1.91–2.80) | 41 | 3.31 (2.46–4.46) |
| SFT | 816 | 137 | 1.81 (1.52–2.16) | 41 | 2.45 (1.88–3.18) |
| Percent body fat | 541 | 114 | 1.59 (1.29–1.95) | 33 | 2.15 (1.56–2.96) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; SFT, skin-fold thickness; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance.
*Odds ratios were adjusted for sex and age.
**Percent body fat was measured in 541 adolescents (277 males and 264 females).