Fig 3. Time of addition of κ-carrageenan on SW731 replication.

MDCK cells were infected with SW731 at an MOI of 3. κ-carrageenan was added to the cells at 0 h (adsorption), 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. After 24 h, viral titers were determined using TCID₅₀ assays. Results were analyzed with the independent sample t-test (n = 3). Values are means ± SEM. Significance: *P < 0.05 vs. nondrug treated control group; **P < 0.005 vs. nondrug treated control group. ^$ P < 0.05 vs. 8 h group. Results are representative of two independent experiments.