Table 4. Gene expression levels of specific targets in Ethiopians and Tanzanians with clinical inflammation (P2/P3) relative to non-inflamed (P0/P1) individuals.

Target	Baseline		6-months		12-months		18-months
	FC	P-value	FC	P-value	FC	P-value	FC	P-value
ETHIOPIA
S100A7	2.44	0.0001	4.69	<0.0001	2.53	<0.0001	1.15	0.58
IL1B	1.71	0.049	7.19	<0.0001	2.49	0.0008	1.43	0.30
IL13	0.84	0.39	1.57	0.072	1.24	0.17	1.43	0.17
IL17A	2.04	0.0008	3.20	0.0001	2.05	0.0007	1.22	0.47
CXCL5	8.92	<0.0001	12.91	<0.0001	4.18	0.0001	2.17	0.11
CTGF	3.10	0.0001	6.14	<0.0001	2.93	0.0002	2.15	0.08
CEACAM5	1.76	0.0001	2.93	<0.0001	1.81	0.0002	1.32	0.14
MMP7	1.33	0.07	1.77	0.0045	1.59	0.0027	1.33	0.16
MMP9	0.80	0.12	1.20	0.27	1.13	0.30	1.02	0.89
CD83	1.22	0.046	1.79	<0.0001	1.48	0.0002	1.29	0.06
SPARCL1	0.50	0.0001	0.50	0.0007	0.70	0.0172	0.56	0.030
TANZANIA
S100A7	1.92	0.017	1.81	0.05	1.69	0.20	6.44	0.0071
IL1B	2.28	0.022	1.60	0.26	2.40	0.08	1.36	0.64
IL13	1.02	0.95	1.03	0.95	1.26	0.64	2.35	0.29
IL17A	2.93	<0.0001	1.70	0.05	4.17	0.0001	2.04	0.69
CXCL5	3.16	<0.0001	2.60	0.0053	4.01	0.0013	6.98	0.0080
CTGF	1.21	0.67	2.65	0.08	2.86	0.15	14.13	0.039
CEACAM5	2.60	<0.0001	2.64	0.0001	1.83	0.046	3.82	0.0024
MMP7	1.55	0.0057	1.77	0.0026	1.88	0.022	2.06	0.08
MMP9	1.07	0.70	1.30	0.22	1.05	0.86	2.20	0.09
CD83	1.25	0.047	1.44	0.0085	1.98	0.0025	1.68	0.06
SPARCL1	1.46	0.19	0.41	0.0005	0.68	0.45	0.48	0.16

FC fold change; P values for unpaired t test. Using the Benjamini and Hochberg approach only tests with a p-value below 0.030 in the Ethiopian study and a p-value below 0.030 in the Tanzanian study have a False Discovery Rate of <5%.