Table 1. Courtship Behavior.
ACTIVITIES | Reference |
---|---|
Bowing | [17,18] |
Tail wagging | T. D. Schaming, personal observation |
Opening and closing bill while pumping legs | T. D. Schaming, personal observation |
Neck stretching | [17,18] |
Hopping close together on branch with bills open | T. D. Schaming, personal observation |
Wild, rapid flights; chasing, flying directly at one another, and making direct contact in air while both flap their wings | [18,29], T. D. Schaming, personal observation |
One crouching, stretching out and fluttering wings, other feeding | [17,18] |
Carrying sticks while performing other courtship displays | [17,18] |
CALLS | |
Courtship begging | [17,18] |
Musical or chirrup | [17,18] |
Hiccup | [17] |
Crackle- and- whistle or crackle | [17,18] |
Pop-click | [17] |
Bullfrog or croaking | [17,18] |
Courtship behavior includes one or a combination of the following activities and/or calls.