. 2015 May 13;10(5):e0126622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126622

Table 1. Comparisons of blood plasma and urine biomarkers (mean ± standard deviation) between time points (post kidney ischemia-reperfusion) in different treatment groups.^* .

	Nor-mal/ Naive	Vehicle (Control)			VPA			Dex
Marker		3h	24h	120h	3h	24h	120	3h	24h	120h
Creatinine	0.22±	0.99±	3.82±	0.65±	0.83±	2.7±	0.8±	0.96±	2.29±	0.97±
(mg/dL)	0.04	0.13^a	0.46^b	0.32^a	0.24^a	1.78^b	0.83^a	0.15^a	1.22^b	0.48^a
BUN	16.50±	33.56±	108.36±	45.71±	36.46±	82.69±	43.57±	46.63±	110.87±	65.62±
(mg/dL)	2.43	3.35^a	8.92^b	19.10^a	5.25^a	47.64^b	31.80^a,b	8.48^a	44.75^b	33.70^a,b
Albumin	0.14±	1.47±	0.33±	0.06±	0.84±	0.37±	0.07±	1.04±	0.25±	±0.11
(mg/mL)	0.26	0.10^a	0.19^b	0.06^b	0.62^a	0.31^a,b	0.03^b	0.73^a	0.10^b	0.07^b
Lipocalin-2	0.67±	0.77±	9.61±	1.19±	1.21±	11.36±	2.27±	0.42±	8.86±	2.79±
(μg/mL)	0.29	0.31^a	4.39^b	0.61^a	0.32^a	3.83^b	.86^a	0.15^a	1.35^b	1.69^c
Osteopontin	12±	15±	13±	30±	14±	26±	35±	15±	27±	48±
(ng/mL)	12	10^a	9^a	29^a	7^a	19^a,b	11^b	14^a	20^a	31^b
KIM-1	1.7±	0.5±	13.7±	11.9±	0.7±	15.3±	12.6±	0.4±	18.7±	16.4±
(ng/mL)	0.9	0.2^a	9.9^b	11.5^b	0.4^a	11.4^b	11.1^b	0.4^a	13.0^a	6.2^a

*Creatinine and BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) were measured in blood plasma

Albumin, Lipocalin-2, Osteopontin, and KIM-1 (Kidney Injury Molecule-1) were measured in urine. Normal/Naive, plasma or urine drawn from naïve uninjured/untreated Wister rats served as base line. VPA (Valproic Acid), Dex (Dexamethasone) and Vehicle (saline control) treated groups at 3, 24 and 120 hour (h) reperfusion. Means with at least one common superscript (a, b or c) between 3, 24 or 120 h within each group (Vehicle, VPA or Dex) did not vary significantly (P>0.05).

Table 1. Comparisons of blood plasma and urine biomarkers (mean ± standard deviation) between time points (post kidney ischemia-reperfusion) in different treatment groups.* .

Table 1. Comparisons of blood plasma and urine biomarkers (mean ± standard deviation) between time points (post kidney ischemia-reperfusion) in different treatment groups.^* .