. 2015 May 13;10(5):e0126622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126622

Table 2. Comparisons of blood plasma and urine biomarkers (mean ± standard deviation) between treatment groups at 3, 24, and 120 hours post kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR).^* .

	Nor-mal/ Naive	3h post-IR			24h post-IR			120h post-IR
Marker		Vehicle	VPA	Dex	Vehicle	VPA	Dex	Vehicle	VPA	Dex
Creatinine	0.22±	0.99±	0.83±	0.96±	3.82±	2.7±	2.29±	0.65±	0.8±	0.97±
(mg/dL)	0.04	0.13^a	0.24^a	0.15^a	0.46^a	1.78^a,b	1.22^b	0.32^a	0.83^a	0.48^a
BUN	16.50±	33.56±	36.46±	46.63±	108.36±	82.69±	110.87±	45.71±	43.57±	65.62±
(mg/dL)	2.43	3.35^a	5.25^a	8.48^b	8.92^a	47.64^a	44.75^a	19.10^a	31.80^a	33.70^a
Albumin	0.14±	1.47±	0.84±	1.04±	0.33±	0.37±	0.25±	0.06±	0.07±	0.11±
(mg/mL)	0.26	0.10^a	0.62^a	0.73^a	0.19^a	0.31^a	0.10^a	0.06^a	0.03^a	0.07^a
Lipocalin-2	0.67±	0.77±	1.21±	0.42±	9.61±	11.36±	8.86±	1.19±	2.27±	2.79±
(μg/mL)	0.29	0.31^a	0.32^b	0.15^c	4.39^a	3.83^a	1.35^a	0.61^a	0.86^a,b	1.69^b
Osteopontin	12±	15±	14±	15±	13±	26±	27±	30±	35±	48±
(ng/mL)	12	10^a	7^a	14^a	9^a	19^a	20^a	29^a	11^a	31^a
KIM-1	1.7±	0.5±	0.7±	0.4±	13.7±	15.3±	18.7±	11.9±	12.6±	16.4±
(ng/mL)	0.9	0.2^a	0.4^a	0.4^a	9.9^a	11.4^a	13.0^a	11.5^a	11.1^a	6.2^a

*Creatinine and BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) were measured in blood plasma

Albumin, Lipocalin-2, Osteopontin, and KIM-1 (Kidney Injury Molecule-1) were measured in urine. Normal/Naive, blood plasma or urine drawn from naïve uninjured/untreated Wister rats served as base line. VPA (Valproic Acid), Dex (Dexamethasone) and Vehicle (saline control) treated groups at 3, 24 and 120 hour (h) reperfusion. Means with at least one common superscript (a, b or c) between Vehicle (control), VPA or Dex within each group (3, 24 or 120 h) did not vary significantly (P>0.05).

Table 2. Comparisons of blood plasma and urine biomarkers (mean ± standard deviation) between treatment groups at 3, 24, and 120 hours post kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR).* .

Table 2. Comparisons of blood plasma and urine biomarkers (mean ± standard deviation) between treatment groups at 3, 24, and 120 hours post kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR).^* .