Table 2. Association of maternal pre-pregnancy obesity status with offspring cardiometabolic traits at 4 years of age, Rhea pregnancy cohort Crete, Greece.
| Pre-pregnancy overweight/obese (≥25 kg/m2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 209) | ||||
| Cardiometabolic traits at 4 years of age | n | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Adiposity outcomes | ||||
| RR (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) | ||
| Overweight/obese | 134 | 1.59 (1.17, 2.15) | 1.53 (1.11, 2.09) | 1.83 (1.19, 2.81) |
| WC (cm) ≥ 90th pct | 72 | 2.03 (1.32, 3.14) | 1.89 (1.20, 2.96) | 1.97 (1.11, 3.49) |
| β-coef. (95%CI) | β-coef. (95%CI) | β-coef. (95%CI) | ||
| Child BMI | 618 | 0.80 (0.45, 1.14) | 0.78 (0.44, 1.12) | 0.79 (0.36, 1.06) |
| WC (cm) | 606 | 1.75 (0.87, 2.63) | 1.76 (0.89, 2.64) | 1.36 (0.55, 2.17) |
| Sum of 4 Skinfolds (mm) | 601 | 5.74 (3.17, 8.30) | 5.37 (2.75, 7.99) | 5.10 (2.49, 7.71) |
| Non-fasting lipid levels | β-coeff. (95%CI) | β-coef. (95%CI) | β-coef. (95%CI) | |
| TC(mg/dl) | 525 | 2.64 (-2.21, 7.50) | 2.52 (-2.50. 7.55) | 2.18 (-3.04. 7.41) |
| HDL-C(mg/dl) | 525 | 0.59 (-1.38, 2.56) | 0.43 (-1.63, 2.49) | 0.59 (-1.54, 2.73) |
| Blood pressure levels | β-coef. (95%CI) | β-coef. (95%CI) | β-coef. (95%CI) | |
| SBP percentiles | 488 | 0.26 (-0.17, 0.69) | 0.30 (-0.13, 0.75) | 0.21 (-0.24, 0.67) |
| DBP percentiles | 488 | -0.07 (-0.49, 0.34) | -0.11 (-0.53, 0.31) | -0.10 (-0.54, 0.33) |
BMI, Body Mass Index; WC, Waist Circumference; TC, Total Cholesterol; LDL-C, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; HDL-C, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; pct, percentile
Model 1: adjusted for child sex. (except models using offspring systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles as an outcome)
Model 2: model 1 further adjusted for maternal age, education level, parity, smoking during pregnancy
Model 3: model 2 additionally adjusted for gestational weight gain, birth weight, breastfeeding duration, and TV watching at 4
years of age (hours/day). Models using offspring WC and sum of skinfolds as an outcome variable were also adjusted for child
height, while those using offspring non-fasting lipid levels as an outcome were also adjusted for child BMI. Bold indicated statistically significant differences at p<0.05.