Table 4.
Maximal strength variables for experimental and control groups
| Variable | Control | LP | UP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| 95 % confidence interval for mean | 95 % confidence interval for mean | 95 % confidence interval for mean | |
| Before training | |||
| 45° Leg press, kg | 55.80 ± 14.96 (90.95–113.70) | 107.60 ± 52.85 (86.19–129.00) † | 115.68 ± 29.61 (104.45–127.90) † |
| Bench press, kg | 24.17 ± 5.01 (20.58–27.75) | 23.20 ± 5.48 (20.97–25.50) | 25.02 ± 4.93 (22.99–27.06) |
| Arm curl, kg | 16.91 ± 2.71 (14.96–18.85) | 15.27 ± 2.94 (14.06–16.49) | 17.11 ± 2.37 (14.96–18.85) |
| After training | |||
| 45° Leg press, kg | 54.44 ± 15.20 (120.76–149.30) | 158.42 ± 52.62 (133.05–183.78) †* | 150.35 ± 47.01 (128.34–172.35) †* |
| Bench press, kg | 23.77 ± 5.09 (19.80–27.64) | 26.31 ± 5.06 (23.87–28.75) | 26.38 ± 5.16 (23.96–28.30) |
| Arm curl, kg | 17.00 ± 2.92 (16.80–14.80–19.19) | 17.46 ± 3.32 (15.81–19.12) | 18.05 ± 2.71 (16.74–19.36) |
| Pre-Post Effect size | |||
| 45° Leg press, kg | 0.09 (trivial) | 0.96 (small) | 1.17 (small) |
| Bench press, kg | 0.07 (trivial) | 0.56 (small) | 0.27 (trivial) |
| Arm curl, kg | 0.03 (trivial) | 0.74 (small) | 0.39 (trivial) |
| Magnitude of changes between groups | |||
| LP vs. UP | LP vs. control | UP vs. control | |
| 45° Leg press, kg | 0.17 (small) | 6.84 (large) | 6.30 (large) |
| Bench press, kg | −0.01 (small) | 0.49 (trivial) | 0.51 (small) |
| Arm curl, kg | −0.21(small) | 0.15 (small) | 0.35 (trivial) |
Data are expressed by means and SD
LP linear periodization training, UP undulating periodization training
†Difference between LP or UP vs. control at the same time point (<0.05)
*Difference between pretraining vs. posttraining (<0.05)