Table 1.
Screening, core, and snapshot module construct areas and validated instruments.
| Domain | Instrument/brief description | Module |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screening (baseline) | Core (baseline, six and 12 months) | Snapshot (three and nine months) | ||
| Headache day frequency | • Number of headache days in past three months • Three-item; rated for past 90 days, 60 days, and 30 days | X | X | X |
| Headache treatments | • Headache treatments in past 30 days • Acute and preventive Rx and OTC medication usage, frequency of usage, overuse | X | X | |
| Headache-resource use | • Past six-month health care-resource use • Health care professional and hospital visits, frequency for headache and for other health reasons | X | ||
| Activity in school, work/paid employment, household work or chores, and nonwork | • Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS)a • Five-item, lost time and productivity in past three months (number of days missed) | X | X | |
| Daily performance | • Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ)a • Fourteen-item, six-point frequency scale, on headache-related behavioral and emotional/lifestyle impairment over past four weeks | X | ||
| Headache-related burden in work, school, family/social life, plans, commitments, and emotion or cognition | • Migraine Interictal Burden Scale (MIBS-4)a • Four-item, five-point frequency scale; rated for past four weeks | X | ||
| Treatment satisfaction over past four weeks (or last time headache was treated) | • Migraine-Treatment Optimization Questionnaire (M-TOQ)a • Five-item, “yes” or “no” questionnaire | X | X | |
| Presence of depression over last two weeks | • Patient Health Questionnaire, nine-item depression screener (PHQ-9)a • Nine-item, four-point frequency scale; depression is coded as a dichotomous variable using the DSM-IV and PHQ-9 clinical algorithm | X | ||
| Presence/severity of generalized anxiety disorder over last two weeks | • Generalized Anxiety Disorder, seven-item screener (GAD-7)a • Seven-item, four-point frequency scale | X | ||
| Severity of seven ICHD-3 beta migraine-defining features plus visual aura | • Migraine Symptom Severity (MSS) Score • Eight-item, four-point frequency scale; one “yes” or “no” question | X | ||
| Presence/severity of major events in previous 12 months | • Major Life Events Scale (MLE)b • Six-item “yes” or “no” questionnaire with five-point severity scale | X | ||
DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th ed.; ICHD-3 beta: International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edn (beta version) (5); NRS: numerical rating schedule; OTC: over the counter; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire; Rx: prescription.
a
Validated instrument.
b
Adapted from Horowitz M, Schaefer C, Hiroto D, et al. Life event questionnaires for measuring presumptive stress. Psychosom Med 1977; 39: 413–431 (29).