Gene expression of phenotypic duct cells after Ad-M3C transduction. Changes in gene expression by Ad-M3C-transduction with and without Ex-4 were determined: untransduced cells as day 0, Ad-M3C-treated cells and Ad-M3C-treated plus Ex-4 (Ad-M3C+Ex4) cells on days 2, 4, and 7 of transduction, and Ad-C-treated cells on day 7. The 3 viral transgenes are referred to as viral-Pdx1, viral-Ngn3, and viral-MafA, whereas the 3 endogenous transcription factors are referred as endo-Pdx1, endo-Ngn3, and endo-MafA for encoding untranslated regions (UTRs). Mean ± SEM, 12 independent experiments (each with duplicates). *, P < .05; **, P < .01; ***, P < .001 compared with day 0; #, P < .05; ##, P < .01; ###, P < .001 compared with Ad-C on day 7. Brackets show the comparison between Ad-M3C and Ad-M3C+Ex4, *, P < .05; **, P < .01; ***, P < .001.