Effect of Toc34 on in vitro import of AtThrRS(1–100)-RFP into chloroplasts. Lane 1, in vitro transcription/translated product only (10% of input). Lane 2, in vitro transcription/translated product incubated with chloroplasts. Lane 3, the same as lane 2, but treated with Proteinase K (PK) after the import reaction, for detection of protected translation product inside the organelle. Lanes 4 and 5 are as lane 2 and 3 but after addition of 50 μg of the purified Toc34 to the chloroplasts. Lanes 6 and 7 are as lanes 4 and 5 but after addition of 50 μg of BSA instead of Toc34.