Table 2.

Health system consequences of moonlighting and agency work

			Argued with doctors or other nurses		Conflicting schedules between primary and secondary jobs		Took vacation leave to do agency work or moonlighting		Took sick leave to do agency work or moonlighting		Stayed away without authority to do agency work or moonlighting		Treated patients differently in primary vs. secondary job		Any of these		Composite Consequence Index 2 (MCA)
Variable		n	%	p	%	p	%	p	%	p	%	p	%	p	%	p	Mean	p
Total		1473	19.6		9.8		11.9		2.8		1.6		2.3		33.7		0.422
Province	Gauteng	897	23.2	<0.001	12.1	<0.001	13.9	0.011	3.2	0.204	2.4	0.475	3.4	0.002	38.5	<0.001	0.218	<0.001
	Eastern Cape	122	24.1		6.4		11.2		2.8		0.0		0.2		34.3		−0.102
	Western Cape	334	11.4		4.3		6.5		2.7		0.0		0.6		20.7		−0.205
	Free State	120	12.1		11.9		13.9		0.6		1.8		1.7		34.7		−0.047
Sex	Male	107	25.3	0.042	13.2	0.188	16.8	0.140	1.6	0.372	2.1	0.579	1.2	0.459	39.9	0.211	0.219	0.015
	Female	1362	19.1		9.6		11.6		2.9		1.6		2.4		33.2		−0.014
Age group	<25 years	51	15.0	0.651	8.8	0.397	2.4	0.070	3.5	0.521	3.4	0.500	3.5	0.718	22.9	0.123	0.036	0.035
	25–34 years	402	21.6		10.7		11.2		3.8		2.0		3.3		36.4		0.039
	35–44 years	463	20.1		11.9		15.4		2.7		1.3		2.2		37.2		0.075
	45–54 years	377	18.1		7.2		11.3		2.7		0.9		1.5		29.6		−0.080
	55+ years	114	16.2		9.9		8.6		0.0		0.0		3.5		28.7		−0.181
Marital status	Married/living together	648	19.1	0.971	9.7	0.523	12.3	0.336	3.0	0.661	1.7	0.978	1.8	0.247	32.9	0.541	−0.011	0.832
	Single	613	19.8		9.1		10.8		2.9		1.6		2.3		33.2		0.002
	Divorced/widowed	199	19.7		11.7		14.9		1.5		1.5		4.4		37.7		0.033
Any children?	No	232	22.2	0.305	9.6	0.886	10.9	0.623	2.2	0.592	1.2	0.671	2.0	0.751	33.9	0.920	−0.023	0.657
	Yes	1241	19.0		9.9		12.1		2.9		1.7		2.4		33.6		0.007
Sector	Public	823	20.1	0.134	9.9	0.916	12.7	0.001	3.1	0.191	1.2	0.004	3.4	0.151	34.8	0.019	0.116	0.001
	Private	413	21.1		9.3		15.1		1.7		0.7		0.9		35.8		−0.091
	Agency	203	12.6		9.8		2.2		3.7		6.0		1.5		22.6		0.017
Nursing category	Professional nurse	735	22.7	0.068	9.5	0.543	17.9	<0.001	2.5	0.114	1.2	0.547	2.7	0.284	38.7	0.003	0.049	0.109
	Enrolled nurse	315	15.2		11.5		8.3		4.5		1.9		1.0		27.9		−0.024
	Nursing assistant	423	17.0		9.1		3.7		2.0		2.2		2.8		28.7		−0.081
Unit	General wards	386	17.7	0.239	10.2	0.167	6.3	<0.001	3.3	0.605	1.8	0.290	1.6	0.296	29.3	0.009	−0.043	0.014
	Maternity	274	18.0		6.5		6.9		1.4		0.0		2.1		25.6		−0.139
	ICU	372	17.9		11.1		20.9		3.7		2.1		3.3		39.3		0.129
	Theatre	207	26.3		14.8		12.1		2.0		1.2		3.7		43.0		0.031
	Other	234	21.3		6.7		12.9		3.1		2.8		1.1		33.5		0.001
Years working at	Less than 1 year	180	12.6	0.186	10.3	0.428	8.6	0.047	5.0	0.154	2.0	0.360	2.6	0.240	27.6	0.157	−0.011	0.878
primary job	1–4 years	448	21.8		7.8		8.7		3.4		2.9		3.0		32.3		0.028
	5–9 years	290	18.7		12.4		13.7		2.2		0.9		0.9		36.8		−0.023
	10–14 years	170	21.9		12.4		17.7		4.6		1.2		1.7		39.1		0.070
	15–19 years	125	24.7		9.1		18.1		0.0		0.0		1.1		41.5		−0.038
	20 or more years	205	19.0		7.7		13.4		0.7		0.7		4.8		32.6		−0.021

Type 2 indicators in moonlighting nurses only; Statistically significant relationships in bold.