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. 2015 Mar 31;8(5):454–463. doi: 10.1111/eva.12255

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© 2015 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The effects of positive and negative species interactions on genetic differentiation and diversity. Panel A illustrates that, for all species groups, positive species interactions can reduce genetic differentiation between patches, while negative species interactions can increase genetic differentiation. Both population size and dispersal abilities associated with the species play a role in determining the effect size. Panel B illustrates that positive species interactions can increase genetic diversity in the patches, while negative species interactions can decrease genetic diversity. Genetic diversity is much more strongly influenced by a species' population sizes than by their dispersal characteristics.