Table 1.
Clinicopathological characteristics in patients with low and normal skeletal muscle mass submitted to resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, using cut-off values obtained by optimal stratification
| Normal skeletal muscle mass (n = 58) | Low skeletal muscle mass (n = 42) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 62 ± 9 | 61 ± 11 | 0.520a |
| Sex ratio, M:F, n:n | 36:22 | 28:14 | 0.636 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 26 ± 3 | 24 ± 3 | 0.001a |
| Weight loss, n (%) | 36 (62.1%) | 23 (54.8%) | 0.463 |
| Jaundice, n (%) | 39 (67.2%) | 31 (73.8%) | 0.367 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 6 (10.3%) | 4 (9.5%) | 0.893 |
| CA19-9, kU/l, median (range) | 176 (1–1363) | 98 (16–482) | 0.424b |
| Albumin, g/l, mean ± SD | 39 ± 5 | 37 ± 6 | 0.081a |
| CRP, mg/l, median (range) | 11 (2–269) | 17 (1–300) | 0.276b |
| Haemoglobin, mmol/l, mean ± SD | 8.2 ± 0.9 | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 0.228a |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/l, median (range) | 10 (4–48) | 18 (4–57) | 0.069b |
| Platelet count, ×109/l, mean ± SD | 321 ± 105 | 325 ± 96 | 0.864a |
| Preoperative cholangitis, n (%) | 20 (34.5%) | 20 (50.0%) | 0.125 |
| Tumour size, cm, median (range) | 2.6 (0.9–12.5) | 2.6 (1.3–7.0) | 0.978b |
| Tumour classification, n (%) | |||
| BC 1 | 1 (1.7%) | 0 | 0.844 |
| BC 2 | 4 (6.9%) | 2 (4.8%) | |
| BC 3a | 19 (32.8%) | 18 (42.9%) | |
| BC 3b | 14 (24.1%) | 9 (21.4%) | |
| BC 4 | 12 (20.7%) | 9 (21.4%) | |
| Left or right hepatic duct | 8 (13.8%) | 4 (9.5%) | |
| ASA class, n (%) | |||
| 0–2 | 51 (87.9%) | 36 (85.7%) | 0.745 |
| 3, 4 | 7 (12.1%) | 6 (14.3%) | |
| Left:right (extended) hemi-hepatectomy ratioc, n:n | 28:29 | 20:21 | 0.973 |
| TNM stage, n (%) | |||
| 0–II | 24 (41.4%) | 19 (45.2%) | 0.700 |
| III, IV | 34 (58.6%) | 23 (54.8%) | |
| N1 status, n (%) | 13 (22.4%) | 12 (28.6%) | 0.483 |
| R0 resection, n (%) | 40 (69.0%) | 32 (76.2%) | 0.427 |
| Perineural invasion, n (%) | 43 (74.1%) | 29 (69.0%) | 0.666 |
| Moderate/poor differentiation, n (%) | 38 (65.5%) | 29 (69.0%) | 0.845 |
| Papillary tumour type, n (%) | 6 (10.3%) | 4 (9.5%) | 0.893 |
Unpaired t-test.
Mann–Whitney U-test.
One patient in the normal muscle mass group and one in the low muscle mass group underwent a central resection.
Statistical tests were performed using the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test or as indicated otherwise.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BC, Bismuth–Corlette; BMI, body mass index; CA 19-9, cancer antigen 19-9; CRP, C-reactive protein; N1, positive lymph node; R0, negative margin; SD, standard deviation; TNM, tumour–node–metastasis (stage defined by 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer).