Table 3.
Prognostic factors at diagnosis associated with EDSS score 4 (n = 407)
| Multivariate analysis* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Age at MS onset (ref age < 20) | 20–28 | 1.25 | 0.60; 2.57 | 0.3 |
| 29–38 | 1.51 | 0.74; 3.06 | 0.08 | |
| 39–49 | 1.43 | 0.68; 2.98 | 0.1 | |
| ≥50 | 2.48 | 1.11; 5.55 | 0.01 | |
| Sex (ref men) | Women | 1.42 | 0.99; 2.05 | 0.1 |
| Initial course of MS (ref primary progressive) | Remitting-relapsing | 0.20 | 0.13; 0.31 | 0.0001 |
| Incomplete recovery from the first relapse (ref yes) | No | 1.10 | 0.69; 1.75 | 0.9 |
| CSF total protein level (ref ≥ 500) | ≤500 mg/L | 0.73 | 0.49; 1.08 | 0.4 |
| CSF IgG-index (ref ≥ 0.6) | <0.6 | 1.36 | 0.92; 2.02 | 0.2 |
| CSF oligoclonal bands (ref yes) | No | 0.76 | 0.45; 1.30 | 0.6 |
| Leukocyte count (ref normal) | ≥5 mm3 | 1.08 | 0.74; 1.56 | 0.9 |
| MRI Barkhof’s criteria (ref positive) | Negative | 1.11 | 0.25; 4.91 | 0.9 |
| Treatment (ref no) | Yes | 0.29 | 0.20; 0.42 | <.0001 |
Multivariate analysis*: Extended Cox model; HR: hazard ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.