Table 1.
Overview of clinical studies applying autologous mesenchymal stromal cells to a cartilage defect
| Cell type | Study type | Number of patients | Follow-up | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMMSC | Case report | 2 | 5 years | Clinical improvement and defect fill with fibrocartilage | [25] |
| BMMSC | Case report | 1 | 1 year | Bone and cartilage repair | [26] |
| BMMSC | Case report | 3 | 17-27 months | Clinical improvement and defect fill with fibrocartilage | [27] |
| BMMSC | Case report | 1 | 12 months | Clinical improvement and defect fill with hyaline tissue | [28] |
| BMMSC | Case series | 5 | 12 months | Clinical improvement and defect fill | [29] |
| BMMSC | Case report | 2 | 31 months | Clinical improvement and defect fill | [30] |
| BMC | Case series | 48 | 4 years | Clinical improvement and defect fill | [31,32] |
| BMC | Case series | 20 | 24 months | Bone and cartilage repair | [33] |
| BMC | Case series | 5 | 12 months | Defect fill with hyaline to fibrocartilaginous tissue | [34] |
| BMC | Case series | 54 | 5 years | Clinical improvement and good integration of repair tissue | [35] |
| BMC | Case series | 15 | 2 years | Clinical improvement and defect fill with hyaline tissue | [36] |
| BMC and ACy | Case series | 40 | Interim results 1 year | Clinical improvement and defect fill with hyaline tissue | [37] NCT01041885 |
| SMSC | [16,17] | ||||
| BMMSC | Comparative study | 36 (total 72) | 24 months | Clinical improvement, defect fill with hyaline tissue | [38] |
| BMC | Comparative study | 25 (total 81) | 36 months | Clinical improvement and defect fill with hyaline tissue | [39] |
| PBMSC or BMC | Comparative study | 25 PBMSC, 21 BMC | 5 years | Clinical improvement and defect fill for both groups | [40] |
| BMMSC | Case series | 25 | 12 months | NCT00891501 | |
| BMMSC | Case series | 6 | 12 months | NCT00850187 | |
| BMC | Case series | 140 | 36 months | NCT02005861 | |
| BMC | Case series | 50 | 12 months | NCT01159899 | |
| ATSVF | Comparative study | 40 | 24 months | NCT02090140 | |
| ATMSC | Comparative study | 30 | 18 months | NCT01399749 | |
| BMMSC | Comparative study | 50 in total | 5 years | NCT00885729 | |
ACy autologous chondrocyte, ATMSC adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cell, ATSVF adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction, BMC bone marrow concentrate, BMMSC bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell, PBMSC peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cell, SMSC synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cell