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. 2015 Feb 3;17(3):347–354. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.148080

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Signaling pathway of the extrinsic factors, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). GDNF is the main extrinsic factor for maintaining undifferentiated spermatogonia. FGF2 signaling interacts with GDNF and is more likely to enhance proliferation rate.