TABLE 1—
Insurance Coverage and Sample Descriptive Statistics by Gender, Relationship Type, and Race/Ethnicity: American Community Survey, 2009–2011
| Men |
Women |
|||||
| Variable | Same-Sex Relationship, No. or Weighted Mean, % | Opposite-Sex Married, No. or Weighted Mean, % | Opposite-Sex Unmarried, No. or Weighted Mean, % | Same-Sex Relationship, No. or Weighted Mean, % | Opposite-Sex Married, No. or Weighted Mean, % | Opposite-Sex Unmarried, No. or Weighted Mean, % |
| White | 12 516 | 1 062 250 | 92 093 | 13 289 | 1 116 911 | 88 907 |
| ESI | 72.7 | 80.1 | 55.2 | 74.5 | 79.1 | 53.6 |
| Direct purchase | 9.2 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.2 |
| Medicaid | 2.9 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 12.5 |
| Medicare | 4.1 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 3.3 |
| Uninsured | 11.1 | 7.7 | 30.2 | 10.9 | 8.0 | 24.5 |
| Couple’s combined income < 100% FPG | 3.3 | 4.3 | 9.6 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 9.7 |
| Employed full time | 69.0 | 77.5 | 68.1 | 66.3 | 47.0 | 55.8 |
| Attained college degree | 51.8 | 37.9 | 22.5 | 52.0 | 37.3 | 26.8 |
| Hispanic | 1 754 | 151 557 | 22 869 | 1 569 | 159 598 | 20 997 |
| ESI | 57.8 | 53.4 | 34.5 | 61.8 | 53.0 | 32.6 |
| Direct purchase | 5.2 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 2.4 |
| Medicaid | 5.8 | 6.3 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 17.1 |
| Medicare | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
| Uninsured | 28.6 | 35.2 | 54.1 | 24.3 | 33.6 | 46.3 |
| Couple’s combined income < 100% FPG | 10.4 | 19.8 | 25.2 | 13.1 | 18.9 | 25.0 |
| Employed full time | 63.7 | 74.3 | 67.3 | 64.0 | 39.7 | 43.1 |
| Attained college degree | 31.1 | 14.5 | 8.0 | 27.9 | 16.9 | 11.0 |
| Black | 753 | 84 920 | 15 830 | 1 109 | 83 559 | 12 419 |
| ESI | 57.3 | 73.7 | 44.5 | 55.9 | 73.6 | 48.0 |
| Direct purchase | 4.2 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 2.5 |
| Medicaid | 10.4 | 5.5 | 10.3 | 13.4 | 6.0 | 19.1 |
| Medicare | 6.1 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Uninsured | 21.9 | 13.7 | 39.4 | 24.5 | 13.2 | 26.4 |
| Couple’s combined income < 100% FPG | 12.7 | 9.3 | 19.9 | 16.7 | 9.3 | 19.4 |
| Employed full time | 57.0 | 69.0 | 54.8 | 57.0 | 56.8 | 53.8 |
| Attained college degree | 26.9 | 23.6 | 10.5 | 24.3 | 28.4 | 15.3 |
| Asian/NHPI | 595 | 69 730 | 2 787 | 371 | 86 335 | 3 932 |
| ESI | 69.7 | 72.2 | 58.9 | 74.0 | 72.1 | 60.0 |
| Direct purchase | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 8.5 |
| Medicaid | 3.2 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 9.0 |
| Medicare | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
| Uninsured | 18.1 | 13.3 | 27.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 21.8 |
| Couple’s combined income < 100% FPG | 5.9 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.3 | 8.4 | 8.7 |
| Employed full time | 69.4 | 79.6 | 74.3 | 67.7 | 48.7 | 62.4 |
| Attained college degree | 62.5 | 59.3 | 37.7 | 54.1 | 53.9 | 43.5 |
| AIAN | 80 | 8 221 | 1 788 | 126 | 8 883 | 1 845 |
| ESI | 54.2 | 59.8 | 31.3 | 53.5 | 59.4 | 32.9 |
| Direct purchase | 11.6 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 7.1 | 4.1 | 1.6 |
| Medicaid | 6.1 | 7.4 | 14.0 | 5.3 | 7.7 | 22.3 |
| Medicare | 5.1 | 5.8 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 3.0 |
| Uninsured | 23.0 | 23.6 | 49.4 | 28.7 | 24.5 | 40.2 |
| Couple’s combined income < 100% FPG | 4.1 | 14.0 | 28.5 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 25.8 |
| Employed full time | 62.4 | 66.6 | 47.5 | 62.0 | 46.5 | 42.1 |
| Attained college degree | 47.2 | 17.9 | 8.1 | 30.0 | 19.5 | 8.1 |
| Other or multiple races | 268 | 16 520 | 2 445 | 314 | 18 152 | 2 386 |
| ESI | 65.2 | 72.8 | 48.8 | 66.8 | 71.8 | 46.5 |
| Direct purchase | 8.2 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 4.7 |
| Medicaid | 4.2 | 5.3 | 8.1 | 11.0 | 5.8 | 16.7 |
| Medicare | 4.8 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
| Uninsured | 17.5 | 13.1 | 36.2 | 10.7 | 13.1 | 28.8 |
| Couple’s combined income < 100% FPG | 4.3 | 8.7 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 8.1 | 13.4 |
| Employed full time | 61.8 | 73.3 | 61.9 | 61.7 | 45.2 | 50.3 |
| Attained college degree | 40.4 | 35.2 | 20.1 | 42.3 | 35.4 | 25.9 |
Note. AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native; ESI = employer-sponsored health insurance; FPG = federal poverty guidelines (according to the US Department of Health and Human Services); NHPI = Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. Weighted means are for adults aged 25–64 years. FPG determined by the Department of Health and Human Services in 2009–2011.