Table 9.

SPR biosensors for biomedical-analyte detection.

Analyte	Matrix	Assay	Detection Range	Instrument	Reference
Myocardial-damage markers
Myoglubin and Tropinon I	Buffer	Direct immunoassay	3 ng/mL	Two-channel multi-mode SPR	[176]
Tropinin T		Direct immunoassay	0.01 ng/mL	SPR	[177]
Human Tropinone I		Direct assay	2.5–40 ng/mL	Wavelength modulation SPR	[178]
		Sandwich immunoassay	0.5-20 ng/mL
Fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP)	Buffer	Competitive immunoassay	200 ng/mL	Planar SPR and fiber optic-SPR	[179]
Cancer markers
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)	Buffer	Direct assay	0.15 ng/mL	IBIS II dual channel SPR	[180]
		Sandwich immunoassays	2.4 ng/mL
	Serum	Direct enhancement	10 ng/mL	Biacore 2000	[181]
Interleukin-8 (IL-8)	Buffer	Sandwich immunoassay	2.5 pM	Biacore	[182]
	Saliva		184 pM
Hormones
Estrone and estradiol	Buffer	Inhibition immunoassay	0.01–3000 ng/mL	Biacore	[183]
17-β-Estradiol	Buffer	Inhibition immunoassay	0.47–21.4 nM		[184]
Progesterone	Buffer	Indirect inhibition immunoassay	143 pg/mL	Biacore	[185]
Insulin growth factor-1	Milk	Direct immunoassay	0.5–1 ng/mL	Biacore	[186]
Human chronic gonadotropin (hCG)	Buffer		0.05–1 µg/mL		[187]
Drugs
Morphine	Buffer	Inhibition immunoassay	0.1–10 ng/mL	SPR and QCM	[188]
Morphine-3 glucronide (M3G)	Buffer	Indirect inhibition immunoassay	0.7 ng/mL	Biacore 1000	[189]
	Dilute urine		2.4 ng/mL
Anti-thrombotic agent Fragmin	Buffer	Inhibition immunoassay	625 ng/mL	Biacore 3000	[190]
7-Hydroxycoumarin	Diluted serum	Competitive and Inhibition immunoassays	0.5–80 µg/mL	Biacore	[191]
Oral anticoagulant 4'-aminowarafrin	Plasma samples	Inhibition immunoassay	4–250 ng/mL	Biacore 3000	[192]
β-Lactam antibiotics	Milk	Direct inhibition	4 µg/kg	Biacore 3000	[193]
β-Lactam antibiotics (penicillin G)	Milk	Inhibition immunoassay	1.2 µg/kg	Biacore Q	[194]