Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Dermatol. 2015 May 1;151(5):497–504. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3889

Table 3. Results of ANCOVA models comparing outcomes by whether participant used Solar Cell.

Outcome Measures Use of Solar Cell*
Did Not Use Used Test statistic p-value
Sunburn Prevalence in the Past 3 Months
Sunburned1, 2, 4, 6, 17 (n=219) 32.3% 20.7% χ2=2.34 0.13
Number of sunburns1, 3 (n=218) 0.78§ 0.43 F=3.35 0.07
Time Spent Outdoors in the Sun Between 10 am and 4 pm in the Past 3 Months
Number of days1, 5, 16 (n=221) 45.77§ 41.67 F=1.60 0.21
Number of hours1, 3, 5, 16 (n=218) 135.30§ 98.66 F=5.89 0.02
Sun Protection Practices While Outdoors in the Sun Between 10 am and 4 pm in the Past 3 Months
Percent of days wearing sunscreen with SPF 15 or greater1, 3, 5, 6, 11, 14 (n=171) 26.5%§ 29.9% F=0.63 0.43
Percent of days wearing a sunscreen lip balm with SPF 15 or greater1, 5 (n=176) 17.7%§ 17.5% F=0.00 0.96
Percent of days wearing clothing that protected the skin from the sun1, 5, 9, 17 (n=172) 18.8%§ 26.4% F=2.54 0.11
Percent of days wearing a hat with a wide brim1, 5, 7, 11, 15, 16 (n=183) 12.0%§ 13.0% F=0.11 0.74
Percent of days wearing sunglasses1, 10, 15 (n=192) 62.5%§ 65.4% F=0.43 0.51
Percent of days keeping time in the sun to a minimum1, 5, 7, 17 (n=180) 49.3%§ 60.4% F=4.19 0.04
Percent of days staying in the shade1, 5, 9, 15, 17 (n=170) 40.2%§ 40.2% F=0.00 0.99
Mean percent of days using all sun protection practices1, 5, 7, 17 (n=202) 33.8%§ 39.4% F=4.07 0.04
*

Use was defined as running Solar Cell and receiving the feedback screen at least once.

Actual means

§

Least square means

Covariates controlled in the models:

1

Baseline value;

2

Age;

3

Education;

4

Race/Ethnicity;

5

Gender;

6

Skin score (Phenotypic Index);

7

Skin cancer;

8

Household head;

9

Household size;

10

Housing type;

11

Income;

12

Marital status;

13

MSA status;

14

Ownership status of living quarters;

15

Kids under 18;

16

Employment status; and

17

Do you agree or disagree that I look healthier and better when I tan?

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure