Table 2.

Summary of the key characteristics of supervision at different developmental levels based on (Stoltenberg and Delworth 1987) and the MBI: TAC stages of competence (Crane et al. 2012a, 2012b, 2013)

Stage	Characteristics of supervisee	Characteristics of supervision sessions	Supervisor role
Beginner, advanced beginner and moving into competent	Inconsistencies around confidence May have feelings of insecurity or an over confidence	Clearly structured Practical skills-based Content- and curriculum-based Developing understandings of underlying intentions	Guidance Positive feedback Support Assessment
Competent	Inconsistencies around confidence may still be present in certain aspects of teaching	Embedding of new skills Freedom to learn from mistakes Exploration of relational aspects	Holding Ability to move between a more structured approach and a more collegial approach
Proficient/advanced	Increased confidence Greater insight	More reflective More exploratory Challenging of teaching and practice Broader themes	More collegial May be peer-based