TABLE 1.
Per-isolate analysis
| Parameter | Total [n (%)] | No. (%) mupirocin susceptible (n = 246)a | No. (%) mupirocin resistant (n = 112) | Univariate OR (95% CIb) | P value | Multivariate ORc (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factorsa | |||||||
| Female sex | 170 (47.49) | 109 (44.31) | 61 (54.46) | 1.503 (0.727–3.111) | 0.272 | ||
| Additional dermatologic diagnosis | 126 (35.20) | 82 (33.33) | 44 (39.29) | 1.294 (0.661–2.533) | 0.452 | ||
| Atopic dermatitis | 225 (62.85) | 139 (56.50) | 86 (76.79) | 2.546 (1.274–5.088) | 0.008 | 4.906 (1.435–16.778) | 0.011 |
| Immunosuppression | 30 (8.40) | 8 (3.27) | 22 (19.64) | 7.242 (2.899–18.089) | <0.001 | 7.166 (2.613–19.651) | <0.001 |
| History of mupirocin use | 185 (51.68) | 81 (32.93) | 104 (92.86) | 26.482 (11.197–62.631) | <0.001 | 29.128 (10.819–78.421) | <0.001 |
| Outpatient | 339 (94.69) | 237 (96.34) | 102 (91.07) | 0.387 (0.156–0.961) | 0.041 | ||
| Zip code group | |||||||
| Mid- and Lower Manhattan (ZCG 1) | 60 (16.76) | 52 (21.14) | 8 (7.14) | 1 | |||
| Brooklyn, Queens, Long Island, and Staten Island (ZCG 2) | 69 (19.27) | 40 (16.26) | 29 (25.89) | 4.713 (1.073–20.701) | 0.04 | ||
| Upper Manhattan and the Bronx (ZCG 3) | 124 (34.64) | 75 (30.49) | 49 (43.75) | 4.247 (1.158–15.579) | 0.029 | ||
| Connecticut and northern New York State (ZCG 4) | 47 (13.13) | 35 (14.23) | 12 (10.71) | 2.229 (0.557–8.916) | 0.257 | ||
| New Jersey (ZCG 5) | 55 (15.36) | 41 (16.67) | 14 (12.50) | 2.220 (0.543–9.068) | 0.267 | ||
| Primary diagnosis | |||||||
| Atopic dermatitis (group 1) | 144 (40.22) | 88 (35.77) | 56 (50.00) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Dermatitis NOS (group 2) | 46 (12.85) | 43 (17.48) | 3 (2.68) | 0.110 (0.023–0.529) | 0.006 | 0.283 (0.067–1.206) | 0.088 |
| Impetigo (group 3) | 48 (13.41) | 36 (14.63) | 12 (10.71) | 0.524 (0.237–1.159) | 0.111 | 1.059 (0.295–3.795) | 0.93 |
| Folliculitis, pustulosis, abscess (group 4) | 58 (16.20) | 38 (15.45) | 20 (17.68) | 0.827 (0.372–1.837) | 0.641 | 0.576 (0.204–1.625) | 0.298 |
| Epidermolysis bullosa (group 5) | 28 (7.82) | 10 (4.07) | 18 (16.07) | 2.829 (1.051–7.611) | 0.04 | 5.567 (1.088–28.482) | 0.039 |
| Other (group 6) | 34 (9.50) | 31 (12.60) | 3 (2.68) | 0.152 (0.046–0.505) | 0.002 | 0.376 (0.095–1.493) | 0.164 |
| Culture site | |||||||
| Head | 94 (26.40) | 69 (28.05) | 25 (22.73) | 0.755 (0.432–1.318) | 0.322 | ||
| Nares | 49 (13.76) | 27 (10.98) | 22 (20.00) | 2.028 (1.098–3.744) | 0.024 | ||
| Trunk | 30 (8.43) | 19 (7.72) | 11 (10.00) | 1.328 (0.602–2.928) | 0.483 | ||
| Extremity | 165 (46.35) | 103 (41.87) | 62 (56.36) | 1.793 (1.129–2.848) | 0.013 | ||
| Skin fold | 112 (31.46) | 80 (32.52) | 32 (29.09) | 0.851 (0.501–1.446) | 0.552 | ||
| Unspecified | 6 (1.69) | 5 (2.03) | 1 (0.91) | 0.442 (0.050–3.898) | 0.462 | ||
| Strain characteristics | |||||||
| MRSA | 65 (18.16) | 29 (11.79) | 36 (32.14) | 3.545 (1.576–7.970) | 0.002 | ||
| Additional strain(s) | 41 (11.45) | 28 (11.38) | 13 (11.61) | 1.022 (0.441–2.369) | 0.959 | ||
| Antibiotic resistance | |||||||
| Amoxicillin | 3 (1.02) | 1 (0.46) | 2 (2.60) | 5.760 (0.524–63.367) | 0.152 | ||
| Clindamycin | 90 (25.49) | 60 (24.80) | 30 (27.03) | 1.124 (0.625–2.020) | 0.697 | ||
| Erythromycin | 153 (42.86) | 97 (39.43) | 56 (50.45) | 1.564 (0.818–2.991) | 0.176 | 2.054 (0.938–4.499) | 0.072 |
| Levofloxacin | 51 (14.24) | 22 (8.95) | 29 (25.90) | 3.558 (1.433–8.833) | 0.006 | ||
| Oxacillin | 65 (18.16) | 29 (11.79) | 36 (32.14) | 3.545 (1.576–7.970) | 0.002 | ||
| Rifampin | 6 (1.68) | 3 (1.22) | 3 (2.68) | 2.229 (0.498–9.989) | 0.295 | ||
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 4 (1.12) | 1 (0.41) | 3 (2.68) | 6.743 (0.576–78.942) | 0.128 | ||
| Tetracycline | 44 (12.29) | 30 (12.20) | 14 (12.50) | 1.029 (0.300–3.527) | 0.964 | ||
| Amt of bacterial growth | |||||||
| Few | 98 (28.32) | 80 (33.33) | 18 (16.98) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Moderate | 157 (45.38) | 102 (42.50) | 55 (51.89) | 2.397 (1.334–4.304) | 0.003 | 3.327 (1.486–7.446) | 0.004 |
| Many | 91 (26.30) | 58 (24.17) | 33 (31.13) | 2.529 (1.190–5.376) | 0.016 | 2.271 (0.932–5.534) | 0.071 |
a
The mean ages were 5.00 years (mupirocin-susceptible group) and 8.21 years (mupirocin-resistant group); univariate OR (95% CI), 1.136 (1.066–1.210); P < 0.001.
b
CI, confidence interval.
c
For the multivariate analysis, variables trimmed from the backward model selection are excluded, and only variables selected for the final model are shown.