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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 27.
Published in final edited form as: Chemistry. 2014 Sep 15;20(44):14336–14343. doi: 10.1002/chem.201403862

Scheme 2.

Scheme 2

Illustration of different types of mechanisms in the phosphate ester hydrolysis reactions. A, B, C and D depict the mechanisms with respect to monoester dianionic, monoester monoanionic, diester and triester hydrolysis reactions. R = p-nitrobenzene, R’ = methyl/ethyl, X = O/S.