Table 1.
Group Differences in Demographic Variables and Substance Use.
| Exposure Group: | Non-Smokers | Smokers | F value | Partial η2 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Pregnancy (MANCOVA) |
25.25** | .27 | ||||
| Cigarettes/Day | 0 | 0 | 5.08 | 5.03 | 69.18** | .25 |
| Drinks/Day | .01 | 0 | .08 | .20 | 6.85** | .03 |
| Joints/Day | .07 | .31 | .32 | .73 | 7.40** | .03 |
| Postnatal (MANCOVA) | 32.08** | .29 | ||||
| Cigarettes/Day | .14 | .71 | 6.08 | 5.28 | 85.26** | .29 |
| Drinks/Day | 1.08 | 1.48 | 2.83 | 2.84 | 22.88** | .10 |
| Joints/Day | .13 | .52 | .82 | 1.75 | 10.21** | .05 |
| Infant Cotinine | 2.82 | 3.23 | 7.06 | 8.00 | 17.50** | .08 |
| Parenting (MANCOVA) | .16 | .02 | ||||
| Warmth/Sensitivity | 4.11 | .61 | 3.96 | .66 | 2.26 | .01 |
| Negative Affect | 1.13 | .26 | 1.27 | .48 | 5.16* | .02 |
| Intrusiveness | 1.50 | .74 | 1.62 | .76 | 1.39 | .01 |
| Demographics: | ||||||
| Maternal age | 23.30 | 4.90 | 24.28 | 5.27 | 1.91 | .00 |
| Parity | 2.04 | 1.47 | 2.18 | 1.56 | .99 | .00 |
| Years education | 12.22 | 1.65 | 11.99 | 1.69 | .44 | .00 |
| Race (% White) | 35% | 17% | χ2=7.13** | |||
| TANF | 18% | 12% | χ2=.47 | |||
| Medicaid | 65% | 66% | χ2=.00 | |||
| Food Stamps | 51% | 55% | χ2=.16 | |||
| Married/Cohabiting | 52% | 54% | χ2=1.24 | |||
| Partner Smoking | 22% | 60% | χ2=13.53** | |||
| Medication Use | 29% | 18% | χ2=3.80* | |||
Note. TANF: Temporary Assistance to Needy Families.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01