Table 4.
Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine Findings (IDEATel)
| METHODOLOGY | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REFERENCE (YEAR) | SAMPLE SIZE | RESEARCH DESIGN | FINDINGS | COMMENTS |
| Shea et al.68 (2006) | 1,665 (C=821; I=844) | RCT | After 1 year, A1c ↓, BP ↓, LDL ↓ | A1c improved in both groups, more in intervention group |
| Trief et al.69 (2006) | 1,578 | RCT prospective analysis | Weak relationship between depression and A1c but did not predict change in glycemic control | |
| Palmas et al.70 (2006) | 1,040 | Clustered randomization | Ambulatory pulse pressure may help predict albuminuria progression. | |
| Trief et al.71 (2007) | 1,665 | RCT | Psychosocial outcomes ↑ | Possible spillover effect from education and consultation; not sure about generalizability of findings |
| Izquierdo et al.72 (2007) | 338 (IV group) | Observational | Identification of (1) inappropriate medication, (2) inappropriate timing, (3) contraindication to current medication, and (4) adverse events | |
| Tudiver et al.73 (2007) | 116 | Provider survey | Acceptance ↑, perceived patient knowledge ↑ | Patient activation ↑, excessive paperwork; conflicting advice within team |
| Shea et al.74 (2009) | 1,665a | RCT | A1c ↓, LDL ↓, BP ↓, mortality O | 5-year follow-up, high dropout numbers; used intention-to-treat |
| Lai et al.75 (2009) | Similar to Robinson et al.78 (2010) | |||
| Izquierdo et al.76 (2010) | 890 | Within cluster randomization | Knowledge ↑, exercise ↑, WC ↓, BMI ↓ | 2 years in their analysis; women reduced WC |
| Palmas et al.77 (2010) | 1,665 | RCT | No effect on cost | Cost of implementing program high, need to lower cost of equipment by $622/month/case |
| Robinson et al.78 (2010) | 109 | Survey | In-home training preferred | Preferences for training |
| Weinstock et al.79 (2011) | 1,650 | RCT | Physical decline ↓, more PA (i.e., reduced rate of decline in impairment); improved task performance | Learning curve; remote training is effective; PA associated with↓ comorbidity,↓ depression, ↑ social networking, ↓ BMI,↓ A1c (pedometers) |
| Weinstock et al.80 (2011) | 1,665 | RCT | A1c ↓ | Telediabetes can reduce disparities; BMI not associated with A1c. Hispanics had highest A1c at baseline and greatest improvement. |
| Luchsinger et al.81 (2011) | 2,169 (type 2) | RCT | Slower cognitive decline | Mediated by decline in A1c, not A1c or LDL; post hoc analysis |
| Shea et al.82 (2013) | 1,665 | RCT | Comorbidity ↓, adherence ↑ | Low SES, also worst A1c; lowest-income=more benefits in A1c and BP; Lowest education=more benefits in A1c and BP |
| Trief et al.83 (2013) | 1,665 | RCT | Self-reported adherence improved | Whites more adherent than Hispanics or African Americans |
A downward arrow indicates down or decreased; an upward arrow indicates up or increased.
a
See comments.
A1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; C, control group; I, intervention group; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; O, no difference; PA, physical activity; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SES, socioeconomic status; WC, waist circumference.