Figure 2.

BT and TF3 suppress Hcy-induced ER stress in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). ER stress markers such as (A) phosphorylated eIF2α at Ser⁵² (p-eIF2α) compared to total eIF2α (t-eIF2α; 36 kDa), (B) ATF3 (21 kDa) and (C) cleaved ATF6 (50 kDa) compared to housekeeping GAPDH (37 kDa) were elevated by 45 min-incubation with Hcy in RAECs which was inhibited by 30 min-pretreatment of BT (5 μg/ml), TF3 (0.5 μg/ml), PBA (10 μM) and TUDCA (20 μM). Results are means  ±  SEM of 6 separate experiments. *p < 0.05 vs Control, #p < 0.05 vs Hcy.