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. 2015 May 11;6:7107. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8107

Figure 4. Germ cell flux influences germline progenitor maintenance through DAF-16/FOXO-dependent and DAF-16/FOXO-independent mechanisms.

Figure 4

(a) Average number of proliferative zone nuclei in D12 wild-type, daf-16(−), fog-2(−) and daf-16(−); fog-2(−) animals. (b) Representative DIC images of D1 wild-type, daf-16(−), fog-2(−) and daf-16(−); fog-2(−) germ lines. Arrowhead: normal oocytes. Arrow: stacked oocytes. All daf-16(−); fog-2(−) animals show the oocyte stacking phenotype (n>50). Scale bars, 20 μm. (c) Average number of proliferative zone nuclei in D12 fog-2(−) and rde-1(−), fog-2(−); Is[Pfos-1a::rde-1(+)] animals treated with control and daf-16 RNAi. Error bar indicates s.e.m.; *P<0.05; **P<0.01 by two-tailed Student's t-test. Alleles used are as follows: fog-2(oz40), daf-16(mu86) and rde-1(ne219). See Supplementary Table 3 for complete genotypes and data. (d) Model. Pink line outlines the proximal somatic gonad. Areas for future inquiry are as follows: (i) links between germ cell flux and IIS (the effects of germ cell flux that are DAF-16/FOXO dependent may occur through DAF-2/IIR, as indicated by dotted arrow); (ii) relevant DAF-16/FOXO targets in the proximal somatic gonad that signal to the distal stem/progenitor cell pool; and (iii) mechanism by which germ cell flux influences germline progenitors that is independent of proximal somatic gonad DAF-16/FOXO activity. DIC, differential interference contrast.